Table 1.

Summary of data extraction results.

Reference	Title	Platform or model	Implementation	Features	Method (blockchain interface and IoTa device)
Zhou et al [3]	Med-PPPHIS: blockchain-based personal healthcare information system for national physique monitoring and scientific exercise guiding	Med-PPPHIS and Med-DLattice blockchain	Chronic disease management: physique monitoring	Chronic disease management target; scientific and personalized exercise prescriptions (electronic prescriptions), providing users with safe, effective, and private scientific health guidance for the management of chronic diseases	Web portal and mostly self-developed medical IoT devices such as health sign monitoring equipment, heart rate monitor, and intelligent fitness equipment
Hylock and Zeng [4]	A blockchain framework for patient-centered health records and exchange (HealthChain): evaluation and proof-of-concept study	HealthChain	Patient-centered blockchain framework	Smart contracts, proxy re-encryption, revocable access, and patient-centered framework	Web portal
Zheng et al [5]	Accelerating health data sharing: a solution based on the Internet of Things and distributed ledger technologies	IOTA tangle	Remote diagnosis of essential tremor disease	App allowing users to report their location, activity, and tremor level; self-evaluation of the disease and other factors related to the disease, such as medication and alcohol consumption	App; wearable devices (Pebble smartwatch) and stationary air quality sensors
Zhuang et al [6]	Applying blockchain technology for health information exchange and persistent monitoring for clinical trials		Patient-reported outcomes for trials; EHRb sharing	Private blockchain, smart contracts, biometric verification of physicians, and patient-controlled data access	Web portal
Johnson et al [7]	Building a secure biomedical data sharing decentralized app (DApp): tutorial	Oasis Devnet/Ethereum	Biomedical research	Smart contracts, public code for app recreation, and geolocation sharing	iPhone (iOS) app
Maslove et al [8]	Using blockchain technology to manage clinical trials data: a proof-of-concept study	BlockTrial/ Ethereum protocol	Clinical trials	Smart contracts and mediated data access based on patient-granted permissions	Web app
Satamraju and Malarkodi [9]	Proof of concept of scalable integration of Internet of Things and blockchain in healthcare	DApp/Ethereum protocol	Remote patient monitoring	Smart contracts, off-chain storage, and Ethereum-based system users including patients, doctors, pharmacists, and insurance companies	App; pulse oximetry device, body temperature sensor, and room temperature sensor
Griggs et al [10]	Healthcare blockchain system using smart contracts for secure automated remote patient monitoring	DApp /Ethereum protocol	Automated patient monitoring	Smart contracts, custom threshold values for alerts, Oracle (master device to control smart contacts), and integration with EHRs	App; medical IoT devices
Kuo et al [11]	Expectation propagation logistic regression on permissioned blockchain (ExplorerChain): decentralized online healthcare/genomics predictive model learning	ExplorerChain	Blockchain combined with artificial intelligence for health care and genomics; predictive model training	iDASH private HIPAAc-compliant computing environment network; applied on 3 different data sets including myocardial infarction, cancer biomarkers, and length of hospitalization	Distributed servers using internet-based machine learning

^aIoT: Internet of Things.

^bEHR: electronic health record.

^cHIPAA: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.