Table 1:
Descriptive Statistics for Dependent, Primary Independent and Control Variables
| % or (sd) | n | |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent Variables | ||
| Supervisory Neglect | 1.26 (0.33) | 2461 |
| Physical Neglect | 1.02 (0.10) | 2465 |
| Physical Abuse | 0.34 (2.04) | 2375 |
| Primary Independent Variables | ||
| Drug Crime Incidents per area (city-level) | 24.68 (23.54) | 43 |
| Drug Abuse and Dependence per population (city-level) | 4.01 (1.68) | 43 |
| Past Year Drug Use | ||
| Yes | 9.4 | 241 |
| No | 90.6 | 2335 |
| Drug and Drug Sales are a Problem | ||
| Yes | 21.2 | 531 |
| No | 78.8 | 1970 |
| Informal Social Control | 16.34 (3.01) | 2364 |
| Local Social Network Size (within neighborhood) | 3.52 (5.17) | 2406 |
| Types of Social Support | ||
| Companionship Support | 14.12 (2.12) | 2572 |
| Emotional Support | 14.87 (1.89) | 2572 |
| Tangible Support | 14.48 (2.03) | 2572 |
| Demographic Control Variables | ||
| Child age (in years) | 6.71 (3.62) | 2500 |
| Child Gender | ||
| Male | 51.0 | 1273 |
| Female | 49.0 | 1224 |
| Parent age (in years) | ||
| ≤ 30 | 13.1 | 341 |
| 31 – 45 | 67.2 | 1745 |
| 46 and older | 19.7 | 511 |
| Parent Gender | ||
| Male | 35.0 | 910 |
| Female | 65.0 | 1687 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married or Living in a Marriage-like Relationship | 88.7 | 2304 |
| Single/Widowed/Divorced | 11.3 | 293 |
| Parent Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 57.3 | 1482 |
| Black, non Hispanic | 3.9 | 100 |
| Asian | 8.5 | 221 |
| Hispanic | 24.7 | 638 |
| Multi-race/Other | 5.6 | 145 |
| Income | ||
| Less than $60,000 | 29.1 | 727 |
| $60,000 to $100,000 | 37.2 | 928 |
| $100,001 and higher | 10.1 | 262 |
| Parenting Stress | 3.97 (1.31) | 2564 |
| Impulsivity | 0.74 (1.30) | 2554 |
| Drinking Behaviors | ||
| Abstainer/Ex-Drinker | 28.7 | 743 |
| Light Drinker | 45.4 | 1173 |
| Moderate Drinker | 16.8 | 435 |
| Heavy Drinker | 9.1 | 234 |
| Percent of Households with Income < $25,000 (city-level) | 43 | |
| Density (per area) of Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets (city-level) | 3.95 (3.05) | 43 |
| Density (per area) of On-Premise Alcohol Outlets (city-level) | 6.40 (4.70) | 43 |
| Proportion of On-Premise Outlets that are Bars (city-level) | 0.12 (0.05) | 43 |