Table 3. Summary of seven studies investigating GP judgment for the diagnosis of dementia.

	Mannheim 44	Sydney 45	Hawaii 43	Antwerp 46	AgeCoDe 47	France 20	This study
Participant selection
Series	C	C	C	C	R	C	C
Symptomatic	No	No a	No	No	No	Yes a	Yes
Characteristics of participants
Number (index test)	3721	433	303	1003	3242	1453	240
Mean age (years)	76	85	75	75	80	81	80
% Female	70	84	63	63	66	71	47
% with dementia	29	25	9	2	2	50	55
Target condition and verification with reference standard
Verified n	407	105	303	101	22	385	240
Verified %	11	24	100	1	70	26	100
GP judgment (%)
Not impaired	36	76	33	–	94	48	14
Cognitive impairment	41	–	–	–	–	–	40
Dementia	23	19	33	–	6	26	36
Uncertain	–	5	33	–	–	22	–
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical judgment for dementia
Sensitivity	91	42	–	100	51	73	56
Specificity	76	89	–	100	96	58	89

C = consecutive. R = random; symptomatic: symptoms required for participation. % verified = number underwent reference test or number underwent index test. % with dementia = number with dementia or number verified.

^aParticipants were not presenting with symptoms but GPs were asked to maximise the inclusion of people with suspected dementia that was not reported.