Table 3.
| A. Effectiveness of ARBs vs. ACEIs (Adjusted
Hazard Ratios Comparing ARBs to ACEIs) on Specified Outcomes in the CAD and HF Cohorts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| CAD Cohort (N=9,728) |
HF Cohort (N=9,150) |
|||||
| Unadjusted Cox Model |
Multivariate analyses |
hd-PS analyses | Unadjusted Cox Model |
Multivariate analyses |
hd-PS analyses | |
| Death | 0.76 (0.62 – 0.94) | 0.92 (0.74 – 1.15) | 0.91 (0.73 – 1.14) | 0.86 (0.71 – 1.03) | 0.85 (0.71 – 1.02) | 0.89 (0.73 – 1.08) |
| Cardiovascular Death* | 0.69(0.51 – 0.93) | 0.85 (0.61 – 1.17) | 0.91 (0.66 – 1.25) | 0.75 (0.60 – 0.94) | 0.80 (0.63 – 1.01) | 0.80 (0.62 – 1.04) |
| Cardiac Death* | 0.66 (0.48 – 0.90) | 0.80 (0.56 – 1.12) | 0.90 (0.64 – 1.26) | 0.78 (0.61 – 0.98) | 0.84 (0.66 – 1.07) | 0.85 (0.65 – 1.11) |
| Sudden Cardiac Death* | 0.55 (0.34 – 0.89) | 0.70 (0.42 – 1.18) | 0.68 (0.40 – 1.14) | 0.45 (0.27 – 0.77) | 0.51 (0.30 – 0.86) | 0.48 (0.27 – 0.85) |
| Cerebro-vascular Death* | 1.33 (0.48 – 3.67) | 2.13 (0.98 – 4.62) | 1.49 (0.50 – 4.38) | 0.58 (0.18 – 1.89) | 0.52 (0.14 – 1.95) | 0.59 (0.19 – 1.84) |
| MI Hospitalization | 0.70 (0.58 – 0.85) | 0.80 (0.65 – 0.98) | 0.82 (0.66 – 1.03) | 0.78 (0.60 – 1.02) | 0.76 (0.58 – 1.00) | 0.70 (0.53 – 0.92) |
| HF Hospitalization | 0.89(0.75 – 1.05) | 1.02 (0.87 – 1.19) | 1.00 (0.83 – 1.19) | 1.15 (1.02 – 1.29) | 1.08 (0.96 – 1.22) | 1.11 (0.97 – 1.26) |
| Stroke Hospitalization | 1.07 (0.81 – 1.43) | 1.15 (0.86 – 1.54) | 1.13 (0.83 – 1.55) | 1.05 (0.79 – 1.40) | 1.18 (0.87 – 1.60) | 1.10 (0.77 – 1.57) |
| All CV hospitalizations | 0.85 (0.75 – 0.96) | 0.96 (0.85 – 1.08) | 0.96 (0.84 –1.10) | 1.07 (0.97 – 1.19) | 1.04 (0.93 – 1.15) | 1.05(0.93 – 1.17) |
| B. Effectiveness of ARBs vs. ACEIs (Adjusted
Hazard Ratios Comparing ARBs to ACEIs) on Specified Outcomes in the Stroke and Combined Cohorts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Stroke Cohort (N=2,564) |
Combined Cohort (N=21,442) |
|||||
| Unadjusted Cox Model |
Multivariate analyses |
hd-PS analyses | Unadjusted Cox Model |
Multivariate analyses |
hd-PS analyses | |
| Death | 0.88 (0.61 – 1.28) | 1.04 (0.68 – 1.58) | 1.06 (0.65 – 1.73) | 0.80 (0.70 – 0.92) | 0.88 (0.77 – 1.01) | 0.89 (0.77 – 1.04) |
| Cardiovascular Death* | 0.87 (0.54 – 1.40) | 1.20 (0.66 – 2.20) | 1.56 (0.85 – 2.87) | 0.73 (0.61 – 0.87) | 0.84 (0.70 – 1.01) | 0.87 (0.71 – 1.07) |
| Cardiac Death* | 0.92 (0.51 – 1.69) | 1.29 (0.61 – 2.74) | 1.69 (0.78 – 3.66) | 0.73 (0.60 – 0.89) | 0.84 (0.69 – 1.03) | 0.89 (0.72 – 1.11) |
| Sudden Cardiac Death* | 1.34 (0.63 – 2.85) | 2.09 (0.83 – 5.25) | 2.66 (0.93 – 7.64) | 0.59 (0.43 – 0.81) | 0.69 (0.50 – 0.96) | 0.67 (0.47 – 0.95) |
| Cerebro-vascular Death* | 0.71(0.29 – 1.77) | 1.26 (0.52 – 3.04) | 1.12 (0.41 – 3.05) | 0.80 (0.46 – 1.37) | 0.91 (0.51 – 1.64) | 0.93 (0.51 – 1.69) |
| MI Hospitalization | 0.91 (0.61 – 1.37) | 1.03 (0.67 – 1.57) | 0.95 (0.55 – 1.64) | 0.75 (0.65 – 0.87) | 0.81 (0.69 – 0.94) | 0.80 (0.67 – 0.95) |
| HF Hospitalization | 0.95 (0.65 – 1.40) | 1.15 (0.73 – 1.79) | 0.94 (0.52 – 1.69) | 1.01 (0.92 – 1.1) | 1.02 (0.93 – 1.12) | 1.03 (0.93 – 1.14) |
| Stroke Hospitalization | 0.76 (0.58 – 0.99) | 0.82 (0.61 – 1.09) | 0.82 (0.59 – 1.13) | 0.92 (0.77 – 1.08) | 0.99 (0.83 – 1.18) | 0.96 (0.79 – 1.16) |
| All CV hospitalizations | 0.78 (0.63 – 0.95) | 0.83 (0.67 – 1.03) | 0.81(0.63 – 1.04) | 0.92 (0.85 – 0.99) | 0.95 (0.88 – 1.02) | 0.96 (0.88 – 1.04) |
Values represent hazard ratio (95% confidence limits).
All models were stratified by calendar year for the index use of the study drug and accounted for clustering by providers.
Information on cause of death is available in the subsets (up to 2005 in PA and up to 2004 in NJ) and the analyses were restricted to 2005 in PA and 2004 in NJ
Multivariate analyses were adjusted for demographic information(age, gender, and race), cardiovascular comorbidities (history of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, Cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation/flutter, diabetes, ventricular arrhythmia, cerebrovascular disease, conduction disorders and well as recent hospitalization for heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, or stroke), cardiovascular drug use (nitrates, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, digoxin, statins, spironolactone, antiplatelet drugs, diuretics, other lipid lowering drugs, and warfarin), non-cardiovascular diagnoses (cancer, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mood disorder, psychotic disorder, dementia, delirium, fracture, anxiety, and other mental disorders), non-CV preventive medications (hormone replacement therapy, glaucoma drugs, and osteoporosis drugs), preventive services (bone mineral density test, prostate specific antigen test, fecal occult blood test, mammogram, influenza vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine), and health service use measures (number of prior hospitalizations, number of office visits, number of generic medications, prior nursing home admission, and Charlson comorbidity score)