Table 1.
The characteristics of patients who received superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) block for postoperative pain relief after cesarean section and controls, as well as primary and secondary outcomes of the study
| Control group (n = 50) |
SHP block group (n = 65) |
P | z/X2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± standard deviation | Median | 1st Q-3rd Q | Mean ± standard deviation | Median | 1st Q-3rdQ | |||
|
Age (years)
|
30.6 ± 6.0 |
31.5 |
25.0-37.0 |
30.9 ± 6.0 |
31.0 |
26.0-36.0 |
0.881 |
-0.150* |
|
Body weight (kg)
|
78.6 ± 11.7 |
80.0 |
70.0-85.3 |
77.4 ± 11.8 |
78.0 |
70.0-85.0 |
0.525 |
-0.636* |
|
Body height (cm)
|
161.4 ± 5.1 |
160.0 |
157.8-165.0 |
162.7 ± 6.2 |
162.0 |
158.5-167 |
0.257 |
-1.134* |
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
30.2 ± 4.5 |
29.9 |
27.5-32.2 |
29.3 ± 4.2 |
29.4 |
26.3-32.4 |
0.404 |
-0.835* |
|
Gravidity (n)
|
3.2 ± 1.9 |
3.0 |
2.0-4.0 |
2.6 ± 1.3 |
2.0 |
2.0-3.0 |
0.087 |
-1.713* |
|
Duration of operation (min)
|
44.3 ± 7.7 |
42.0 |
39.8-50.0 |
50.3 ± 6.8 |
50.0 |
45.0-55.0 |
<0.001 |
-4.040* |
|
Postoperative Visual Analog Scale score
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
at rest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 hours
|
8.1 ± 1.6 |
8.0 |
8.0-9.3 |
5.4 ± 1.8 |
6.0 |
6.0-6.0 |
<0.001 |
-7.376* |
|
6 hours
|
6.3 ± 2.0 |
6.0 |
5.8-8 |
3.9 ± 1.4 |
4.0 |
4.0-4.0 |
<0.001 |
-6.057* |
|
24 hours
|
3.5 ± 2.0 |
4.0 |
2.0-4.3 |
2.3 ± 1.6 |
2.0 |
2.0-4.0 |
0.002 |
-3.064* |
|
48 hours
|
5.0 ± 1.4 |
4.0 |
4.0-6 |
2.0 ± 0.6 |
2.0 |
2.0-2.0 |
<0.001 |
-9.255* |
|
on movement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 hours
|
8.7 ± 1.2 |
9.0 |
8.0-10.0 |
6.5 ± 1.3 |
6.0 |
6.0-8.0 |
<0.001 |
-7.362* |
|
6 hours
|
7.4 ± 1.7 |
8.0 |
6.0-8.0 |
5.6 ± 2.1 |
6.0 |
4.0-7.0 |
<0.001 |
-4.376* |
|
24 hours
|
4.7 ± 1.8 |
5.5 |
4.0-6.0 |
3.2 ± 1.7 |
2.0 |
2.0-4.0 |
<0.001 |
-4.297* |
|
48 hours
|
3.9 ± 1.5 |
4.0 |
2.0-4.0 |
2.0 ± 1.2 |
2.0 |
2.0-2.0 |
<0.001 |
-6.483* |
|
First passing of gas (hours)
|
18.6 ± 9.1 |
16.0 |
12.0-24.0 |
14.7 ± 6.4 |
14.0 |
12.0-18.0 |
0.081 |
-1.745* |
|
NSAID requirement (n of vials)
|
1.8 ± 1.3 |
1.0 |
|
0.9 ± 0.9 |
1.0 |
|
<0.001 |
-4.090* |
|
NSAID requirement, n (%)
|
n = 50 (100) |
n = 65 (100) |
|
|
||||
|
no
|
3 (6.0) |
22 (33.9) |
<0.001 |
6.678 |
||||
|
yes
|
47 (94.0) |
43 (66.1) |
||||||
|
Opioid required; n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
No opioid use
|
26 (52.0) |
56 (86.2) |
<0.001 |
16.221 |
||||
|
1 vial
|
20 (40.0) |
7 (10.8) |
||||||
|
2 vials
|
4 (8.0) |
2 (3.1) |
||||||
|
Nausea, n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
no
|
32 (64.0) |
58 (89.2) |
0.001 |
10.574 |
||||
|
yes
|
18 (36.0) |
7 (10.8) |
||||||
|
Vomiting, n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
no
|
41 (82.0) |
62 (95.4) |
0.020 | 5.417 | ||||
| yes | 9 (18.0) |
3 (4.6) |
||||||
*Mann-Whitney U test.