Figure 1.

Stress-induced gene expression is associated with developmental defects in the loss-of-function mutant of GnTII (gnt2-1) under stress conditions. (A) Expression of GnTII in 10-day-old Arabidopsis Col-0 seedlings treated with MS medium alone (mock treatment) or supplemented with 200mm NaCl or 5mgl⁻¹ TM for 7day analyzed by qPCR. The experiment was performed independently three times (three biological replicates) and normalized with respect to β-TUBULIN expression. Data represent means±SEM of the three independent experiments. (B-I) Col-0, gnt2-1, OE-1, OE-2, OE-3, and hex1,2&3 plants were grown for 12day, horizontally (B,C) or vertically (D,E,G,H), on MS plates (B,D,G) or MS plates containing 20μgl⁻¹ TM (C,E) or 60mm NaCl (H), respectively. The grid on the square plate is 18×18mm. Photographs were taken 12day after plating, and the fresh weight (F) and root length (I) were measured. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (^*p<0.05, ^**p<0.01, and ^***p<0.001) as determined by two-way ANOVA.