Table 4.
Antimicrobial resistance rates (%) according to antimicrobial, sampling point (B, BRANDING; I, WEANING/INDUCTION; R, REPROCESSING), and bacteria species.
| Class | Antimicrobial | Mannheimia haemolytica | Histophilus somni | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | I | R | B | I | R | ||
| n = 1 | n = 30 | n = 27 | n = 0 | n = 10 | n = 20 | ||
| Aminocyclitol | Spectinomycin | 0 | 20 | 3.7 | –1 | 10 | 0 |
| Cephalosporin | Ceftiofur | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 |
| Fluoroquinolone | Danofloxacin | 0 | 3.3 | 0 | – | 10 | 5 |
| Enrofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 10 | 0 | |
| Macrolide | Tilmicosin | 0 | 13.3 | 14.8 | – | 10 | 0 |
| Tulathromycin | 0 | 0 | 3.7 | – | 0 | 0 | |
| Penicillin | Penicillin | 0 | 3.3 | 14.8 | – | 0 | 0 |
| Phenicol | Florfenicol | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | 10 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | Oxytetracycline | 0 | 0 | 7.4 | – | 0 | 5 |
| Antimicrobial | Antimicrobial | Pasteurella multocida | Mycoplasma bovis | ||||
| B | I | R | B | I | R | ||
| n = 24 | n = 88 | n = 38 | n = 2 | n = 19 | n = 28 | ||
| Aminocyclitol | Spectinomycin | 8.3 | 10.2 | 15.8 | – | – | – |
| Cephalosporin | Ceftiofur | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Fluoroquinolone | Danofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Enrofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Macrolide | Gamithromycin | 0 | 1.1 | 5.3 | 100 | 84.2 | 100 |
| Tildipirosin | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 100 | 94.7 | 100 | |
| Tilmicosin | 4.2 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 100 | 94.7 | 100 | |
| Tulathromycin | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 100 | 31.6 | 60.7 | |
| Tylosin | – | – | – | 100 | 78.9 | 85.7 | |
| Penicillin | Penicillin | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Phenicol | Florfenicol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 36.8a | 67.9b |
| Tetracycline | Chlortetracycline | – | – | – | 0 | 15.8 | 14.3 |
| Oxytetracycline | – | – | – | 0 | 15.8 | 21.4 | |
| Tetracycline | 8.3 | 9.1 | 15.8 | – | – | – | |
1
A dash (–) denotes either absence of clinical breakpoints for that specific pathogen–antimicrobial combination or absence of tested isolates.
a,b
Within row percentages followed by different letters denote statistically significant differences between resistance rates for each species (p < 0.05).