Table 3.
Descriptive statistics (means±standard deviations), MANOWA, and post-hoc analyses of the relationships between latent profile analysis membership, achievement goal orientations, learning engagement, and academic adjustment.
| Profile | N | mastery-approach goals | mastery-avoidance goals | performance-approach goals | performance-avoidance goals | Learning engagement | Academic adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profile 1 | 64 | 3.20±0.55 | 2.77±0.68 | 2.40±0.49 | 1.63±0.48 | 4.14±1.13 | 3.46±0.45 |
| Profile 2 | 55 | 4.20±0.46 | 3.74±0.77 | 4.28±0.38 | 1.66±0.48 | 4.98±1.19 | 3.85±0.50 |
| Profile 3 | 305 | 3.32±0.46 | 3.53±0.57 | 3.26±0.42 | 2.62±0.57 | 4.19±0.86 | 3.34±0.40 |
| Profile 4 | 154 | 3.78±0.52 | 4.20±0.47 | 4.07±0.39 | 3.63±0.51 | 4.17±1.28 | 3.26±0.46 |
| F(3,574) | 75.83*** | 99.04*** | 347.01*** | 311.38*** | 9.74*** | 27.26*** | |
| Bonferroni | 1=3<4<2 | 1<3=2<4 | 1<3<4<2 | 1=2<3<4 | 1=3=4<2 | 3=4<1<2 | |
| Effects (η2) | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
***
p<0.001.