TABLE 2.
Genetic models treated with iPTH
| Target gene | Genotype | Gender | PTH regimen | Age of mice during treatment | Bone site | FC in trabecular BV/TV | N.Ob/BS | N.Oc/BS | Strain | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1α(OH)ase | 1α(OH)ase −/− | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Tibia | ~1.101 | No change | No change | C57BL/6J; BALB/c | 2008 | ( 15 ) |
| Ampkα1 | Ampkα1 −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Tibia | ~4.250 | ND | ND | C57BL/6129/Sv | 2012 | ( 16 ) |
| Areg | Areg −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~15.75 | ND | Decreased | 129/C57BL/6 | 2015 | ( 17 ) |
| Atf4 | Atf4 −/− | NI | 60 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–33 days | Femur | ~0.468 | ND | ND | Swiss Black | 2009 | ( 18 ) |
| Atf4 | Atf4 −/− | NI | 60 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–33 days | Vertebrae | ~0.353 | ND | ND | Swiss Black | 2009 | ( 18 ) |
| Bcl2 | Bcl2 −/− | NI | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–13 days | Tibia | 1.054 | ND | ND | 129/C57BL/6 | 2009 | ( 19 ) |
| Bcl2 | Bcl2 −/− Bim +/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–20 weeks | Tibia | ND | ND | No change | C57BL/6 (10th generation) | 2010 | ( 20 ) |
| β‐arr2 | β‐arr2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ND | Increased | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2005 | ( 21 ) |
| β‐arr2 | β‐arr2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Vertebrae | ~0.000 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2005 | ( 21 ) |
| β‐arr2 | β‐arr2 −/− | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 9–17 weeks | Vertebrae | ~0.428 | Decreased | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 22 ) |
| β‐arr2 | β‐arr2 −/− | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 9–17 weeks | Tibia | ~0.179 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 22 ) |
| β‐cat | Dmp1‐CreERt2;β‐cat f/f | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day rhPTH(1‐34) | 12.5–17.5 weeks | Femur | ~2.115 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 129 | 2016 | ( 23 ) |
| β‐cat | Dmp1‐CreERt2;β‐cat f/f | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day rhPTH(1‐34) | 12.5–17.5 weeks | Vertebrae | ~2.571 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 129 | 2016 | ( 23 ) |
| β‐cat | Osx‐Cre;β‐cat f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day rhPTH(1‐34) | 7–11 weeks | Femur | ~1.120 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2018 | ( 24 ) |
| β‐cat | Osx‐Cre;β‐cat f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day rhPTH(1‐34) | 7–11 weeks | Vertebrae | ~3.350 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2018 | ( 24 ) |
| β2AR | Adbr −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 10–14 weeks | Femur | ~ −0.081 | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 25 ) |
| β2AR | Adbr −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34)(5 days/week) | 10–14 weeks | Vertebrae | ~ −0.131 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 25 ) |
| β2AR | Adbr −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 54–58 weeks | Femur | ~ −0.113 | ND | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 25 ) |
| BMI1 | Bmi1 −/− | ♀♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 1–4 weeks | Femur | Cannot determine (missing necessary controls) | Cannot determine (missing necessary controls) | ND | 129Ola FVB/N hybrid | 2014 | ( 26 ) |
| Bmp2, Bmp4 | R26CreER/R26CreER and Bmp2 C/C . Bmp2 C/C ; Bmp4 C/C ; R26Cre ER/+ (Bmp2/4 DCKO); OVX | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 10–12 to 16–18 weeks | Femur | Cannot determine (missing necessary controls) | ND | ND | NI | 2016 | ( 27 ) |
| BSP | Bsp −/− | ♂ | 0.8 μg/μl PTH 1‐84 (local injection) | 12–14 weeks | Calvaria | ~0.985 (BV reported) | ND | ND | 129/CD‐1 | 2015 | ( 28 ) |
| C‐FMS | MAFIA | ♀ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–22 weeks | Tibia | ~0.127 | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6J | 2014 | ( 29 ) |
| C‐FOS | c‐fos −/− | NI | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–21 days | Vertebrae | ~0.316 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (5th generation) | 2002 | ( 30 ) |
| CaSR | Col‐Bone CaSR Δflox/Δflox | NI | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–17 days | Tibia | ~0.893 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 CD‐1 | 2015 | ( 31 ) |
| CD40L | CD40L −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | 0.135 | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2014 | ( 32 ) |
| Cdh2 | Osx‐Cre::Cdh2 f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 4 weeks of iPTH starting 12–16 weeks | Tibia | 3.815 | No change | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2014 | ( 33 ) |
| Cdh2 | Dmp1‐cre;Cdh2 f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | 3.393 | Increased | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2016 | ( 34 ) |
| Cdk1 | Osx‐Cre;Cdk1 f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Vertebrae | ~2.018 | Increased | No change | C57Bl/6129S6/SvEvTac | 2018 | ( 35 ) |
| Cox2 | Cox2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 20–23 weeks | Femur | 1.669 | Increased | No change | CD‐1 (9th generation) | 2010 | ( 36 ) |
| Cox2 | Cox2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 20–23 weeks | Vertebrae | 5.688 | ND | ND | CD‐1 (9th generation) | 2010 | ( 36 ) |
| Crem | Crem −/− | ♂ | 160 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10 days of iPTH from 11–12 weeks | Femur | ~0.312 | No change | Increased | 129Sv; C57BL/6 | 2007 | ( 37 ) |
| Cx43 | Cx43 ΔCT/fl ;DMP1‐8kb‐Cre | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–18 weeks | Femur | 1.154 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2015 | ( 38 ) |
| Dkk1 | Dkk1 TG; 2.3‐kb rat collagen type Ia promoter | NI | 95 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 34 days of iPTH from 12–14 weeks | Tibia | ND | Decreased | Decreased | C57Bl/6 CD‐1 | 2011 | ( 39 ) |
| Egdr | Egfr Wa5 (impaired EGFR signaling) | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~0.704** | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 40 ) |
| Fgf2 | Fgf2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | 0.647 | Decreased | No change | Black Swiss 129Sv | 2006 | ( 41 ) |
| Fgf2 | Fgf2 −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 60–64 weeks | Femur | 0.139 | ND | ND | Black Swiss 129Sv | 2006 | ( 41 ) |
| Fgf2 | 3.6Col1GFPsaph tg/tg ;Fgf2 −/− | ♀ | 20 μg/kg/day PTH(1‐34) | 12 weeks (8 h) | Tibia | ND | ND | ND | Black Swiss 129Sv; FVB/N | 2018 | ( 42 ) |
| Fgf23 | Fgf23 −/− | NI | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 8–22 days | Femur | ~1.077 | No change | ND | C57Bl/6 129Sv | 2011 | ( 43 ) |
| Fgfr3 | Fgfr3 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–20 weeks | Femur | ~2.533 | Decreased | Increased | C3H | 2016 | ( 44 ) |
| Fgfr3 | FGFR3 G369C/+ | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | ~2.814 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2017 | ( 45 ) |
| Ghr | DMP1‐Cre;GHR f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–8 weeks | Femur | 0.234 | Decreased | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2015 | ( 46 ) |
| GPR126 | Osx‐cre;Gpr126 f/f | ♀♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–30 days | Femur | ~1.975 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2020 | ( 47 ) |
| GRK2 | GRK1 TG ;1.3kb fragment of OG2 promoter | ♀♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 36–40 weeks | Vertebrae | Cannot determine (missing necessary controls) | Increased | No change | B6SJLF1/J | 2009 | ( 48 ) |
| Gαs | Gα s Osx‐KO | ♀♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | 0.223 | Increased | Increased | C57Bl/6 CD1 | 2016 | ( 49 ) |
| HDAC4 | HDAC4 fl/fl ; DMP1‐cre | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | NI | ~0.971 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2016 | ( 50 ) |
| HDAC4; HDAC5 | HDAC5 −/− ; HDAC4 fl/fl ; DMP1‐cre | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | NI | ~2.111 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2016 | ( 50 ) |
| HDAC5 | HDAC5 −/− | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | NI | ~2.111 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2016 | ( 50 ) |
| Hif‐1α | Ocn‐Cre;Hif‐1αf/f | ♀ | 20 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–16 weeks | Femur | ~1.511 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2014 | ( 51 ) |
| Hif‐1α | Ocn‐Cre;Hif‐1αf/f | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–16 weeks | Femur | ~1.223 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2014 | ( 51 ) |
| Igf‐1 | Igf‐1 −/− | NI | 160 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–6.5 weeks | Femur | ND | ND | ND | NI | 2001 | ( 52 ) |
| Igf‐1 | B6.C3H‐6T | ♀ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–20 weeks | Femur | 0.704 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (10th generation) | 2005 | ( 53 ) |
| Igf‐1 | Igf1 fl/fl ; Albumin‐Cre | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Vertebrae | ~2.150 | ND | ND | FVB/N, C57BL, and 129Sv | 2006 | ( 54 ) |
| Igf‐1 | ALS −/− | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Vertebrae | ~ −0.300 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2006 | ( 54 ) |
| Igf‐1 | Igf1 fl/fl ; Albumin‐Cre; ALS −/− | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Vertebrae | ~ −0.350 | ND | ND | FVB/N; C57BL 129Sv | 2006 | ( 54 ) |
| Igf‐1 | HIT (hepatic IGF‐1 transgene) | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~1.622 | ND | ND | FVB/N | 2010 | ( 55 ) |
| Igf‐1 | HIT KO | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~2.069 | ND | ND | FVB/N | 2010 | ( 55 ) |
| IGF‐IR | Ocn‐Cre;Igf‐IR f/f | NI | 80 μg/kg/day rat PTH(1‐34) | 12–14 weeks | Tibia and femur | ND | ND | ND | FVB/N | 2014 | ( 56 ) |
| IL18 | IL18 −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 4 weeks of iPTH starting at 7–8 weeks | Tibia and femur | ND | ND | ND | DBA/1 | 2008 | ( 57 ) |
| IL6 | IL6 −/− | ♀♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 3–24 days | Femur | ~0.596 | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 58 ) |
| IL6 | IL6 −/− | ♀♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–22 weeks | Femur | ~3.333 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 58 ) |
| Irs‐1 | Irs‐1 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–14 weeks | Tibia and femur | 0.090 | No change | Decreased | C57Bl6 CBA | 2005 | ( 59 ) |
| Irs‐2 | Irs‐2 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–14 weeks | Tibia and femur | 2.499 | Decreased | Decreased | C57Bl6 CBA | 2005 | ( 59 ) |
| Kl | Kl −/− | NI | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 8–22 days | Femur | ~1.077 | No change | ND | C57Bl/6 129Sv | 2010 | ( 43 ) |
| Ldlr | Ldlr −/− | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 20–25 weeks | Femur | 0.624 | Increased | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 60 ) |
| Ldlr | Ldlr −/− ; pOBCol3.6GFPtpz and pOBCol2.3GFPCyan | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 5 weeks of iPTH starting at 8–12 weeks | Calvaria | ND | Decreased | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 61 ) |
| Ldlr | Ldlr −/− ; pOBCol3.6GFPtpz and pOBCol2.3GFPCyan | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 5 weeks of iPTH starting at 8–12 weeks | Femur | ND | Decreased | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 61 ) |
| Lrp5 | Lrp5 −/− | ♀♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Hindlimb | ND | ND | ND | 129S/J | 2006 | ( 62 ) |
| Lrp5 | Lrp5 −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (every other day) | 20–26 weeks | Femur | ~0.435 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 63 ) |
| Lrp5 | Lrp5 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (every other day) | 20–26 weeks | Femur | ~ −1.294 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 63 ) |
| Lrp5 | Lrp5 −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (every other day) | 20–26 weeks | Vertebrae | ~10.000 | No change | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 63 ) |
| Lrp5 | Lrp5 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (every other day) | 20–26 weeks | Vertebrae | ~ −1.028 | No change | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 63 ) |
| Lrp6 | Ocn‐cre;Lrp6 f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | ~ −1.255 | Decreased | No change | C57Bl/6J; 129 FVB/N | 2013 | ( 64 ) |
| Lrp6 | Ocn‐Cre;Lrp6 f/f | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | ND | ND | ND | C57Bl/6J; 129 FVB/N | 2015 | ( 65 ) |
| MCP‐1 | Mcp‐1 −/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 16–22 weeks | Tibia | ~0.084 | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 66 ) |
| MCP‐1 | Mcp‐1 −/− | ♀♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 20–26 weeks | ND | ND | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2013 | ( 66 ) |
| Mdx | C57BL/10ScSn/DMD‐mdx | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day black bear PTH(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87) (5 days/week) | 4–10 weeks | Femur | ~5.833 | No change | Decreased | C57BL/610ScSn | 2012 | ( 88 ) |
| Mfge8 | Mfge8 −/− | ♀♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–22 weeks | Tibia | ~2.000 (reported as FC) | ND | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2018 | ( 89 ) |
| MHC I | MHC I −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–9 weeks | Femur | ~0.173 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 72 ) |
| MHC I; MHC II | MHC I −/− ; MHC II −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–9 weeks | Femur | ~0.058 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 72 ) |
| MHC II | MHC II −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–9 weeks | Femur | ~1.038 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 72 ) |
| miR‐29‐3p | miR‐29‐3p decoy | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~8.858 | Increased | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2020 | ( 90 ) |
| Mkp1 | Mkp1 −/− | ♀ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5–6 days/week) | 3–24 days | Femur | ~1.250 (reported as FC) | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 129 | 2011 | ( 91 ) |
| Nf1 | Nf1 +/− | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 28 days of iPTH starting 8–12 weeks | Tibia | ~0.963 | ND | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2006 | ( 92 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–17 weeks | Femur | ~2.906 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2009 | ( 93 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–12 weeks | Tibia | ~1.500 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2011 | ( 94 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–17 weeks | Tibia | ~0.800 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2011 | ( 94 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–12 weeks | Vertebrae | ~1.467 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2011 | ( 94 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–17 weeks | Vertebrae | ~4.206 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th generation) | 2011 | ( 94 ) |
| Nmp4 | Nmp4 −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–13 weeks | Femur | ~2.523 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 (6th‐7th generation) | 2012 | ( 95 ) |
| Ocn | Ocn −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 10–14 weeks | Vertebrae | 1.266 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2008 | ( 96 ) |
| Ocn | Ocn −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 10–14 weeks | Femur | 1.174 | No change | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2008 | ( 96 ) |
| Opn | Opn −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 7–11 weeks | Tibia and femur | ~1.362** | ND | Decreased | 129 | 2003 | ( 97 ) |
| OSMR | Osmr −/− | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 6–9 weeks | Tibia | ~ −0.518 | Decreased | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2011 | ( 98 ) |
| p38α | Ocn‐Cre;p38α f/f | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Femur | ~0.415 | Decreased | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2015 | ( 99 ) |
| Pappa | Pappa −/− | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–18 weeks | Femur | ~0.277** | ND | ND | C57Bl/6; 129 | 2015 | ( 100 ) |
| PLS3 | Pls3 −/0 | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–12 weeks | Vertebrae | ND | No change | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2020 | ( 101 ) |
| Postn | Postn−/− | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–17 weeks | Femur | 1.106 | ND | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 102 ) |
| Postn | Postn −/− | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–17 weeks | Vertebrae | 1.762 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 102 ) |
| Prg4 | Prg4 −/− | ♀♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–21 days | Femur | 1.239 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 71 ) |
| Prg4 | Prg4 −/− | ♀♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 16–22 weeks | Femur | −9.692 | No change | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 71 ) |
| PTH and 1α(OH)ase | PTH −/− ;1α(OH)ase −/− | NI | 0.2 μg/kg/day rat PTH(1‐34)/day | 4–14 days | Femur | ~62.000 | Cannot determine (no reported WT+PTH) | Cannot determine (no reported WT+PTH) | C57BL/6J and BALB/c | 2005 | ( 103 ) |
| PTH1R | Lck‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 2–6 weeks | Femur | 0.409 | Decreased | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 104 ) |
| PTH1R | Lck‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 13–17 weeks | Femur | −0.314 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 104 ) |
| PTH1R | pdPTH1R | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–22 weeks | Vertebrae | ~0.837 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 105 ) |
| PTH1R | pdPTH1R | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–22 weeks | Vertebrae | ~0.890 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 105 ) |
| PTH1R | pdPTH1R | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–22 weeks | Femur | ~0.822 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 105 ) |
| PTH1R | pdPTH1R | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–22 weeks | Femur | ~1.000 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2012 | ( 105 ) |
| PTH1R | DMP1‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 4 weeks of iPTH (start age NI) | Femur | ND | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 dominant (mixed background) | 2013 | ( 106 ) |
| PTH1R | DMP1‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 4 weeks of iPTH (start age NI) | Vertebrae | 0.339 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 dominant (mixed background) | 2013 | ( 106 ) |
| PTH1R | Dmp1‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♀ | 100 ng/g/day PTH(1‐34) | 16–20 weeks | Femur | ~0.739 | ND | ND | C57BL/6Nhsd | 2016 | ( 107 ) |
| PTH1R | Dmp1‐Cre;PTH1R f/f | ♂ | 100 ng/g/day PTH(1‐34) | 16–20 weeks | Femur | ~ −0.081 | ND | ND | C57BL/6Nhsd | 2016 | ( 107 ) |
| PTHRP | Pthrp +/− | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–24 weeks | Femur | ~10.230 | ND | ND | FVB/N CD‐1 | 2005 | ( 14 ) |
| Rac1 | Osx‐Cre;Rac1 −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–8 weeks | Femur | ND | NI | NI | NI | 2020 | ( 108 ) |
| Rac2 | Rac2 −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Tibia | ND | Increased | Increased | C57Bl/6 (used as control) | 2008 | ( 109 ) |
| Rag2 | Rag2 −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–9 weeks | Femur | ~0.406 | ND | ND | C57Bl6/J | 2009 | ( 72 ) |
| RAGE | RAGE −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–12 weeks | Femur | ~0.00 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2010 | ( 110 ) |
| RAGE | RAGE −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–17 weeks | Femur | ~0.495 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2010 | ( 110 ) |
| RAGE | RAGE −/− | ♀ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–12 weeks | Vertebrae | ~1.857 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2010 | ( 110 ) |
| Runx2 | Runx2 Tg | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 4–10 weeks | Femur | ~0.637 | ND | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2007 | ( 111 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP −/− | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 8–12 weeks | Femur | ~0.711 (reported as FC) | ND | ND | C57BL/6 (albino)‐129SvEv (LEX‐1) | 2006 | ( 112 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP −/− | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 24–28 weeks | Femur | ~0.627 (reported as FC) | ND | ND | C57BL/6 (albino)‐129SvEv (LEX‐1) | 2006 | ( 112 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP −/− | ♀ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 36–40 weeks | Femur | ~0.332 (reported as FC) | ND | ND | C57BL/6 (albino)‐129SvEv (LEX‐1) | 2006 | ( 112 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP1 Tg | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–14 weeks | Femur | 0.103 | ND | No change | FVB/N‐Swiss Webster hybrid | 2010 | ( 113 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP1 Tg | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–14 weeks | Femur | 0.120 | ND | No change | FVB/N‐Swiss Webster hybrid | 2010 | ( 113 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP1 Tg | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–14 weeks | Vertebrae | 0.099 | ND | ND | FVB/N‐Swiss Webster hybrid | 2010 | ( 113 ) |
| sFRP1 | sFRP1 Tg | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 12–14 weeks | Vertebrae | 0.402 | ND | ND | FVB/N‐Swiss Webster hybrid | 2010 | ( 113 ) |
| Sost | Sost TG | ♂ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5–6 days/week) | 24–33 weeks | Femur | 0.391 | ND | No change | FVB, C57BL/6 | 2010 | ( 114 ) |
| Sost | Sost −/− | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–16 weeks | Femur | ~0.779 | ND | ND | 129/SvJ and Black Swiss | 2011 | ( 115 ) |
| Sost | Sost −/− | ♂ | 90 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–16 weeks | Femur | ~0.877 | ND | ND | 129/SvJ and Black Swiss | 2011 | ( 115 ) |
| TCRβ | TCRβ −/− | NI | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 5–9 weeks | Femur | 0.503 | Decreased | Increased | C57Bl/6 | 2009 | ( 72 ) |
| TGFβ1 | TGFβ1 −/− ,Rag2 −/− | ♂ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Tibia | ~ −0.388 | Decreased | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2011 | ( 116 ) |
| TGIF1 | Tgif1 fl/fl ; DMP1‐cre | ♂ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Tibia | ~0.103 | Decreased | No change | C57Bl/6 | 2019 | ( 117 ) |
| TGIF1 | Tgif1 −/− | ♂ | 100 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 8–12 weeks | Tibia | ~ −0.126 | Decreased | Decreased | C57Bl/6 | 2019 | ( 117 ) |
| Timp1 | Timp1 TG by type‐I collagen promoter | ♀ | 40 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 10–16 weeks | Femur | 1.964 | ND | Decreased | C57BL/6 CBA | 2006 | ( 118 ) |
| Ts65Dn | Mosel for trisomy 21 | ♂ | 30 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Tibia | ~1.450 | No change | No change | C57BL/6; C3H/HeJ | 2012 | ( 119 ) |
| Ts65Dn | Mosel for trisomy 21 | ♂ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 12–16 weeks | Tibia | ~1.450 | No change | No change | C57BL/6; C3H/HeJ | 2012 | ( 119 ) |
| Vps35 | Ocn‐Cre;Vps35 f/f | ♂ | 50 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) (5 days/week) | 7–12 weeks | Femur | ~7.690 | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 | 2016 | ( 120 ) |
| Wnt1 | Wnt1 +/R235W | ♀ | 80 μg/kg/day hPTH(1‐34) | 52–56 weeks | Femur | ND | ND | ND | C57Bl/6 129 | 2020 | ( 121 ) |
Notes: A summary of each publication using iPTH in a genetic model is alphabetized by target gene. The genotype, gender, PTH regimen, age of mice during treatment, bone site, fold change in BV/TV comparing targeted gene versus WT (target gene/WT), N.Ob/BS, N.Oc/BS, strain, and year are listed.
Abbreviations: ♂, male; ♀, female; ~, values estimated from a graph; **, bone area reported; BV/TV, trabecular bone volume per total volume; FC, fold change; hPTH, human parathyroid hormone; iPTH, intermittent parathyroid hormone; ND, not determined; NI, not indicated; N.Ob/BS, number of osteoblasts per bone surface; N.Oc/BS, number of osteoclasts per bone surface; PTH, parathyroid hormone; WT, wild type.