Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in Intervention vs. Control group and divided into Hypertension grades
| Hypertension grade 1 | Hypertension grade 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group (n = 40) | Control group (n = 27) | p value | Intervention group (n = 35) | Control group (n = 24) | p value | |
| Age (y) | 40.15 (7.88) | 35.52 (8.4) | 0.025* | 41.89 (6.61) | 38.29 (7.55) | 0.058 |
| Duration of hypertension (y)† | 10.83 (7.45) | 9.58 (8.21) | 0.525 | 10.86 (5.64) | 10.5 (4.85) | 0.801 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.37 (11.64) | 142.11 (16.12) | 0.051 | 140.77 (10.6) | 135.42 (14.32) | 0.104 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87.1 (6.93) | 85.19 (9.78) | 0.351 | 91.57 (10.23) | 88.08 (10.12) | 0.202 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.08 (3.9) | 27.7 (4.23) | 0.021* | 32.84 (6.43) | 32.2 (5.9) | 0.7 |
| Waist (cm) | 104.1 (11.34) | 97.5 (12.62) | 0.029* | 110.5 (15.96) | 108.6 (14) | 0.639 |
| Hypertension related medications used (total number)††† | 1.31 (0.61) | 1.63 (1.04) | 0.12 | 1.71 (0.93) | 1.5 (0.83) | 0.367 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 9 (23) | 10 (37) | 0.27 | 12 (34) | 9 (38) | 1.000 |
| E-Cigarette users, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 | 1 (3) | 2 (8) | 0.561 |
| Cigarettes per day (total number)†† | 15.78 (4.381) | 17.4 (9.06) | 0.210 | 17.67 (8.94) | 15.22 (4.52) | 0.887 |
| Family anamnesis with infarction/stroke, n (%) | 22 (55) | 19 (70) | 0.307 | 22 (63) | 18 (75) | 0.402 |
| Microalbuminuria diagnosis, n (%)††† | 2 (5) | 1 (4) | 1.000 | 2 (6) | 1 (4) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)††† | 5.79 (1.02) | 5.2 (0.9) | 0.017* | 5.69 (1.14) | 5.48 (1.01) | 0.463 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)††† | 1.23 (0.29) | 1.41 (0.54) | 0.084 | 1.33 (0.45) | 1.19 (0.32) | 0.196 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)§ | 3.71 (0.86) | 3.16 (0.79) | 0.012* | 3.59 (1.33) | 3.63 (0.99) | 0.916 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)††† | 2 (1.46) | 1.56 (0.92) | 0.174 | 1.88 (1.06) | 2.02 (1.18) | 0.638 |
| Blood glucose level (mmol/L)§§ | 5.48 (0.67) | 5.22 (1.29) | 0.298 | 5.52 (0.46) | 5.28 (0.69) | 0.117 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)††† | 97.04 (14.09) | 102.49 (12.43) | 0.110 | 102.75 (18.62) | 104.6 (15.24) | 0.689 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL)††† | 80.26 (9.99) | 77.86 (8.19) | 0.306 | 76.86 (11) | 76.25 (9.88) | 0.829 |
| Cardiovascular disease risk scores | ||||||
| 10-year stroke or heart attack risk from decision aid(percentage) | 9.59 (9.04) | 9.2 (8.61) | 0.349 | 7.87 (9.37) | 8.43 (10.27) | 0.462 |
| QRISK-lifetime cardiovascular risk (percentage) | 60.4 (13.9) | 57.8 (13.9) | 0.454 | 62.82 (13.27) | 65.42 (13.2) | 0.367 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) unless indicated as percentage
BMI—body mass index kg/m2; CG—control group; IG—intervention group
*p values under 0.05 are considered as significant and tagged with an asterisk and bold
†Hypertension grade 1: IG n = 40, CG n = 26
Hypertension grade 2: IG n = 35, CG n = 24
††including patients who started or quit smoking during the follow-up period; Hypertension grade 1: IG n = 9, CG n = 10 Hypertension grade 2: IG n = 12, CG n = 9
†††Hypertension grade 1: IG n = 39, CG n = 27
Hypertension grade 2: IG n = 35, CG n = 24
§Hypertension grade 1: IG n = 38, CG n = 27
Hypertension grade 2: IG n = 35, CG n = 24
§§Hypertension grade 1: IG n = 37, CG n = 27
Hypertension grade 2: IG n = 35, CG n = 24