Table Table A2.
Generalized linear mixed model to check whether unit work‐environment characteristics (leadership, team climate and safety climate) substantially affect the models’ parameters
| Variable | Verbal violence | Verbal sexual violence | Violence against property | Physical sexual violence | Physical violence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 1.30 (0.83–2.02) | 0.48 (0.33–0.70) | 0.00*** | 0.91 (0.60–1.40) | 0.89 | 0.66 (0.40–1.07) | 0.06 | 1.44 (0.94–2.20) | 0.13 | |
| Female (reference) | – | 0.23 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Licensed practical nurses | 1.39 (0.68–2.85) | 0.37 | 1.04 (0.62–1.73) | 0.4 | 0.39 (0.21–0.72) | 0.00** | 1.34 (0.73–2.48) | 0.19 | 1.04 (0.57–1.90) | 0.62 |
| Registered nurses (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Employment Percentage | ||||||||||
| 10‐60 | 0.45 (0.25–0.81) | 0.00** | 1.05 (0.66–1.68) | 0.49 | 0.50 (0.28–0.88) | 0.05* | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) | 0.11 | 0.62 (0.34–1.14) | 0.03 |
| 61‐95 | 0.66 (0.42–1.02) | 0.06 | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 0.66 | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.38 | 0.69 (0.44–1.10) | 0.08 | 0.93 (0.61–1.43) | 0.23 |
| 100 (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Professional experience (years) | ||||||||||
| ≤3 | 3.63 (1.90–6.96) | 0.00*** | 3.40 (2.03–5.68) | 0.00*** | 3.07 (1.69–5.56) | 0.00** | 1.92 (0.95–3.83) | 0.21 | 1.13 (0.61–2.08) | 0.66 |
| >3‐≤7 | 1.62 (0.90–2.92) | 0.1 | 3.58 (2.14–5.98) | 0.00*** | 2.36 (1.32–4.22) | 0.00*** | 1.80 (0.89–3.61) | 0.04* | 1.39 (0.75–2.58) | 0.03* |
| >7‐≤15 | 1.68 (0.99–2.82) | 0.06 | 2.59 (1.61–4.18) | 0.00** | 2.58 (1.52–4.36) | 0.00** | 1.89 (0.97–3.65) | 0.08 | 1.37. (0.77–2.42) | 0.01* |
| >15‐≤20 | 2.70 (1.43–5.11) | 0.00** | 1.61 (0.93–2.78) | 0.02* | 2.69 (1.40–4.99) | 0.04* | 2.57 (1.27–5.17) | 0.03* | 1.01 (0.51–1.95) | 0.00** |
| >20 (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Severe forms of psychiatric inpatient violence in history | ||||||||||
| Physical attack | 1.59 (0.97–2.60) | 0.06 | 1.79 (1.22–2.62) | 0.00*** | 1.90 (1.18–3.05) | 0.02* | 1.63 (1.02–2.61) | 0.00** | 2.09 (1.35–3.23) | 0.00** |
| Sexual assault | 2.66 (0.85–8.29) | 0.09 | 4.29 (1.95–9.48) | 0.00*** | 2.65 (0.95–7.39) | 0.12 | 4.60 (2.18–9.71) | 0.00*** | 1.37 (0.61–3.05) | 0.35 |
| No history (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Perception that inpatient violence is part of the job | 1.02 (0.95–1.11) | 0.54 | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | 0.00*** | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 0.04* | 1.07 (0.98–1.15) | 0.05* | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 0.00** |
| Leadership on Unit‐level | ||||||||||
| Moderate | 0.92 (0.42–2.02) | 0.82 | 1.17 (0.67–2.04) | 0.39 | 0.94 (0.45–1.98) | 0.7 | 0.96 (0.49–1.88) | 0.79 | 0.59 (0.28–1.21) | 0.16 |
| Excellent | 0.66 (1.24–1.76) | 0.4 | 0.72 (0.35–1.49) | 0.54 | 0.73 (0.28–1.91) | 0.96 | 1.26 (0.53–2.94) | 0.57 | 0.75 (0.28–2.00) | 0.57 |
| Poor (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Team climate on Unit‐level | ||||||||||
| Moderate | 2.14 (0.61–7.57) | 0.23 | 1.05 (0.44–2.49) | 0.96 | 1.38 (0.40–4.69) | 0.6 | 1.07 (0.37–3.08) | 0.93 | 2.13 (0.62–7.27) | 0.4 |
| Excellent | 1.85 (0.45–7.54) | 0.39 | 1.58 (0.58–4.26) | 0.4 | 1.27 (0.32–4.95) | 0.88 | 1.39 (0.41–4.77) | 0.6 | 1.84 (0.44–7.59) | 0.5 |
| Poor (reference) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Safety climate on Unit‐level | ||||||||||
| Moderate | 0.59 (0.18–1.97) | 0.72 (0.31–1.65) | 0.54 | 0.66 (0.20–2.17) | 0.4 | 0.25 | 0.31 | |||
| Excellent | 0.76 (0.18–3.19) | 0.39 | 0.71 (0.26–1.94) | 0.51 | 0.81 (0.20–3.18) | 0.61 | 0.57 (0.21–1.58) | 1.18 | 0.38 (0.12–1.24) | 0.59 |
| Poor (reference) | – | 0.71 | – | – | – | – | 0.45 (0.13–1.54) | – | 0.50 (0.12–2.02) | – |
Abbreviations O, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval (2.5–97.5%).
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.01.
***
P < 0.001.