. 2020 Oct 20;32(Suppl 2):267–282. doi: 10.1002/hpja.427

TABLE 2.

Response, by three categories of food security p‐values and odds ratios of dining out questions

Outcome	Category	Overall significance ^a	Post hoc analysis
			High‐marginal vs very low food security		High‐marginal vs low food security		Low food security vs very low food security
			OR (95% CI)	p‐value	OR (95% CI)	p‐value	OR (95% CI)	p‐value
In an average month, how often do you dine out at the following?
Full service restaurant		0.442
	Less than once a month		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		1.34 (0.86, 2.08)	.195	1.32 (0.89, 1.96)	.171	1.01 (0.61, 1.70)	.958
	3‐5 times		0.95 (0.51, 1.77)	.865	0.78 (0.46, 1.32)	.346	1.22 (0.61, 2.43)	.567
	>6 times		0.61 (0.23, 1.60)	.316	0.95 (0.35, 2.56)	.917	0.64 (0.21, 2.02)	.451
Cafe		0.044^*
	Less than once a month		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.77 (0.52, 1.13)	.183	0.58 (0.41, 0.83)	.003^**	1.33 (0.85, 2.07)	.212
	3‐5 times		0.84 (0.51, 1.38)	.492	0.71 (0.45, 1.13)	.146	1.18 (0.66, 2.09)	.577
	> 6 times		0.54 (0.27, 1.07)	.079	0.46 (0.24, 0.88)	.018^*	1.17 (0.54, 2.53)	.697
Takeaway (eat at the location)
	Less than once a month	<0.001^**	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.54 (0.36, 0.81)	.003^**	0.47 (0.32, 0.67)	<.001^**	1.16 (0.74, 1.81)	.514
	3‐5 times		0.46 (0.24, 0.86)	.016^*	0.41 (0.23, 0.72)	.002^**	1.11 (0.57, 2.18)	.758
	>6 times		0.37 (0.15, 0.89)	.027^*	0.44 (0.19, 1.01)	.053	0.84 (0.33, 2.12)	.712
Takeaway (eat at the home)
	Less than once a month	0.031^*	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.96 (0.65, 1.43)	.855	0.64 (0.45, 0.90)	.011^*	1.52 (0.97, 2.37)	.069
	3‐5 times		0.87 (0.53, 1.45)	.599	0.78 (0.48, 1.26)	.306	1.12 (0.62, 2.00)	.706
	>6 times		0.51 (0.23, 1.14)	.102	0.32 (0.16, 0.66)	.002^**	1.56 (0.70, 3.47)	.273
Fast food (eat at the location)		0.002^**
	Less than once a month		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.80 (0.54, 1.19)	.270	0.46 (0.33, 0.66)	<.001^**	1.73 (1.11, 2.68)	.015^*
	3‐5 times		0.81 (0.48, 1.38)	.439	0.69 (0.42, 1.14)	.149	1.17 (0.64, 2.15)	.612
	>6 times		0.74 (0.31, 1.75)	.489	0.44 (0.21, 0.90)	.024^*	1.69 (0.70, 4.09)	.243
In an average month, how often do you dine out at the following?
Fast food (eat at the home)		0.076
	Less than once a month		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.88 (0.60, 1.30)	.525	0.69 (0.48, 1.00)	.048^*	1.27 (0.81, 2.01)	.297
	3‐5 times		1.09 (0.67, 1.76)	.731	0.69 (0.45, 1.06)	.088	1.58 (0.91, 2.74)	.101
	>6 times		0.75 (0.36, 1.60)	.462	0.38 (0.20, 0.72)	.003^**	1.97 (0.92, 4.23)	.083
Food court		<0.001^**
	Less than once a month		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	1‐2 times		0.70 (0.48, 1.04)	.077	0.56 (0.39, 0.80)	.002^**	1.26 (0.79, 1.99)	.335
	3‐5 times		0.37 (0.23, 0.59)	<.001^**	0.31 (0.20, 0.48)	<.001^**	1.19 (0.70, 2.01)	.517
	> 6 times		0.30 (0.16, 0.57)	<.001^**	0.34 (0.19, 0.62)	<.001^**	0.89 (0.45, 1.77)	.736
Please indicate the level of importance for the following features of a food court:
Convenient location		<0.001^**
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		0.10 (0.03, 0.37)	.001^**	0.09 (0.02, 0.31)	<.001^**	1.14 (0.43, 3.05)	.798
	Unimportant		0.58 (0.31, 1.08)	.467	0.46 (0.27, 0.78)	.004^**	1.27 (0.67, 2.38)	.467
Cultural familiarity with food options		0.263
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		1.28 (0.68, 2.42)	.441	0.91 (0.49, 1.71)	.772	1.41 (0.67, 2.96)	.366
	Unimportant		1.07 (0.57, 1.99)	.844	1.61 (0.87, 2.99)	.131	1.72 (0.82, 3.54)	.144
Affordability		0.055
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		0.92 (0.25, 3.29)	.892	1.19 (0.31, 4.62)	.798	0.77 (0.16, 3.65)	.738
	Unimportant		1.07 (0.52, 2.21)	.846	0.47 (0.27, 0.80)	.006^**	2.30 (1.12, 4.75)	.024^*
Please indicate the level of importance for the following features of a food court.
Speed of service		0.026^*
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		0.30 (0.09, 0.96)	.043^*	0.45 (0.13, 1.51)	.194	0.66 (0.19, 2.32)	.519
	Unimportant		1.00 (0.54, 1.85)	.988	0.54 (0.33, 0.87)	.012^*	1.86 (0.98, 3.52)	.058
Whatever is most convenient		0.199
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		2.48 (1.11, 5.58)	.100	1.80 (0.85, 3.80)	.125	1.38 (0.59, 3.26)	.460
	Unimportant		1.70 (0.78, 3.71)	.184	0.57 (0.27, 1.19)	.134	0.96 (0.44, 2.20)	.930
Something inexpensive		0.728
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		0.94 (0.42, 2.12)	.883	1.32 (0.56, 3.10)	.523	0.71 (0.26, 1.92)	.504
	Unimportant		1.29 (0.78, 2.13)	.327	0.96 (0.63, 1.47)	.844	1.34 (0.77, 2.34)	.298
Value for money		0.005^**
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		0.24 (0.07, 0.84)	.025^*	0.31 (0.09, 1.01)	.051	0.80 (0.26, 2.51)	.703
	Unimportant		1.20 (0.60, 2.38)	.605	0.50 (0.30, 0.84)	.009^**	2.40 (1.19, 4.83)	.015^*
Recognised brand		0.839
	Important		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
	Neither important nor unimportant		1.16 (0.58, 2.32)	.680	0.57 (0.26, 1.23)	.149	1.59 (0.70, 3.62)	.271
	Unimportant		0.86 (0.44, 1.67)	.658	1.22 (0.63, 2.34)	.549	0.70 (0.32, 1.56)	.386
On average, how much do you spend per person on one trip to a food court?		<0.001^**
	$0‐10		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	$11‐20		0.94 (0.58, 1.51)	.784	0.74 (0.48, 1.14)	.168	1.27 (0.73, 2.22)	.399
	$21‐30		0.38 (0.18, 0.78)	.008^**	0.29 (0.15, 0.58)	<.001^**	1.28 (0.59, 2.76)	.531
	>$31		0.17 (0.06, 0.49)	.001^**	0.15 (0.06, 0.40)	<.001^**	1.15 (0.46, 2.89)	.760

Abbreviations: 1.00 (ref), reference level; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^{^a}

Multinomial logistic regression model was adjusted for socio‐demographic variables (age, household income, education and marital status).

P ≤ .05;

^**

P ≤ .01.