Table 3.
Frontal and Transverse Plane Metrics of Noncontact or Indirect Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Stratified by Situational Patterns (Data on 35 Cases) a
| Variable | Total | Offensive COD | Being Tackled | Pressing/Tackling | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk tilt at IC | |||||
| Angle, deg b | 5 (30 to –15) | 5 (30 to 0) | 5 (15 to –10) | 5 (20 to –15) | 0 (10 to –5) |
| Toward injured | 20 (67) | 9 (69) | 4 (57) | 6 (86) | 1 (33) |
| Neutral | 6 (20) | 4 (31) | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
| Toward uninjured | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 2 (29) | 1 (14) | 1 (33) |
| Trunk tilt at IF | |||||
| Angle, deg b | 10 (25 to –20) | 10 (15 to 0) | 15 (25 to –10) | 10 (25 to –20) | 10 (25 to –5) |
| Toward injured | 24 (80) | 10 (77) | 6 (86) | 6 (86) | 2 (67) |
| Neutral | 3 (10) | 3 (23) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Toward uninjured | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | 1 (14) | 1 (33) |
| Trunk rotation at IC | |||||
| Toward injured | 8 (22) | 7 (41) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Neutral | 14 (39) | 6 (35) | 3 (33) | 2 (29) | 3 (100) |
| Toward uninjured | 14 (39) | 4 (24) | 5 (56) | 5 (71) | 0 (0) |
| Trunk rotation at IF | |||||
| Toward injured | 3 (8) | 1 (6) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Neutral | 5 (14) | 3 (18) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
| Toward uninjured | 28 (78) | 13 (76) | 6 (67) | 7 (100) | 2 (67) |
| Frontal plane hip alignment at IC | |||||
| Abduction | 32 (91) | 17 (100) | 7 (87) | 6 (86) | 2 (67) |
| Neutral | 3 (9) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 1 (14) | 1 (33) |
| Adduction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Frontal plane hip alignment at IF | |||||
| Abduction | 30 (86) | 16 (94) | 5 (63) | 7 (100) | 2 (67) |
| Neutral | 5 (14) | 1 (6) | 3 (37) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
| Adduction | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Frontal plane knee alignment at IC | |||||
| Valgus | 13 (37) | 5 (29) | 3 (37) | 4 (57) | 1 (33) |
| Neutral | 22 (63) | 12 (71) | 5 (63) | 3 (43) | 2 (67) |
| Varus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Frontal plane knee alignment at IF | |||||
| Valgus | 33 (94) | 17 (100) | 7 (87) | 7 (100) | 2 (67) |
| Neutral | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
| Varus | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Foot position at IC | |||||
| External | 15 (49) | 6 (43) | 4 (57) | 2 (29) | 3 (100) |
| Neutral | 11 (35) | 5 (36) | 2 (29) | 4 (57) | 0 (0) |
| Internal | 5 (16) | 3 (21) | 1 (14) | 1 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Foot position at IF | |||||
| External | 17 (53) | 7 (50) | 5 (63) | 3 (43) | 2 (67) |
| Neutral | 6 (19) | 3 (21) | 2 (25) | 1 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Internal | 9 (28) | 4 (29) | 1 (12) | 3 (43) | 1 (33) |
| Significant hip IR/ADD from IC to IF | |||||
| Yes | 29 (83) | 15 (88) | 6 (75) | 6 (86) | 2 (67) |
| No | 6 (17) | 2 (12) | 2 (25) | 1 (14) | 1 (33) |
| Valgus collapse | |||||
| Yes | 12 (34) | 5 (29) | 3 (38) | 3 (29) | 1 (33) |
| No | 23 (66) | 12 (71) | 5 (62) | 4 (71) | 2 (67) |
a Eight injuries had incomplete biomechanical data on the frontal plane. Data are reported as n (%) or median (range). ADD, adduction; COD, change of direction; IC, initial contact; IF, injury frame; IR, internal rotation.
b Positive values indicate ipsilateral (injured); negative values indicate contralateral.