Table 1.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics of population screened for gestational diabetes, by diagnosis
|
All N=23 735 |
Normal glucose tolerance, N=22 641 | Gestational diabetes, N=985 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age, years | 30.7 (±5.6) | 30.61 (±5.7) | 32.6 (±5.0) | <0.001 |
| Parity, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 9123 (38.4) | 8694 (39.2) | 388 (39.4) | |
| 1 | 9586 (40.4) | 9168 (38.1) | 399 (40.5) | |
| ≥2 | 4979 (21.0) | 4733 (22.5) | 196 (19.9) | |
| Unknown | 47 (0.2) | 46 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0.213 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White European | 21192 (89.3) | 20280 (89.7) | 815 (82.7) | |
| Asian | 1249 (5.3) | 1134 (5.0) | 104 (10.6) | |
| Black | 864 (3.6) | 809 (3.6) | 52 (5.3) | |
| Other | 378 (1.6) | 367 (1.6) | 13 (1.3) | |
| Unknown | 52 (0.2) | 51 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | <0.001 |
| Maternal BMI, n (%) | ||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 551 (2.3) | 544 (2.4) | 8 (0.8) | |
| 18.5–24 kg/m2 | 11812 (49.8) | 11423 (50.5) | 396 (40.2) | |
| 25–29 kg/m2 | 5068 (21.4) | 4779 (21.1) | 247 (25.1) | |
| 30–34 kg/m2 | 1715 (7.2) | 1573 (6.9) | 110 (11.1) | |
| 35–39 kg/m2 | 709 (2.9) | 622 (2.7) | 69 (7.0) | |
| ≥40 kg/m2 | 342 (1.5) | 288 (1.3) | 38 (3.9) | |
| Unknown | 3538 (14.9) | 3412 (15.1) | 117 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Random plasma glucose, mmol/l | 5.8 (±1.4) | 5.7 (±1.3) | 7.8 (±1.9) | |
| OGTT, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 3603 (15.6) | 2509 (11.1) | 985 (100) | |
| No | 20132 (84.8) | 20132 (88.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Neonatal characteristics | ||||
| Birth weight, g | 3472 (±480.1) | 3466 (±477) | 3522 (±497) | <0.001 |
| Gestation, weeks | 39.6 (±1.2) | 39.6 (±1.2) | 39.1 (±1.3) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight, median centile | 50 (±28.6) | 49 (±28.5) | 57 (±29.0) | <0.001 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min, n (%) | ||||
| No | 23365 (98.5) | 22289 (98.4) | 968 (98.3) | |
| Yes | 112 (0.5) | 104 (0.5) | 8 (0.8) | |
| Unknown | 258 (1) | 248 (1.1) | 9 (0.9) | 0.288 |
| Admission to neonatal ICU at delivery, n (%) | ||||
| No | 22956 (96.7) | 21910 (96.75) | 950 (96.4) | |
| Yes | 772(3.3) | 733 (3.2) | 35 (3.6) | |
| Unknown | 7 (0) | 7 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.553 |
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | ||||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 14550 (61.3) | 14056 (62.2) | 447 (45.4) | |
| Instrumental | 3187 (13.4) | 3038 (13.4) | 139 (14.1) | |
| Emergency Caesarean section | 3278 (13.8) | 3030 (13.3) | 202 (20.5) | |
| Elective Caesarean section | 2680 (11.3) | 2477 (11.1) | 196 (19.9) | |
| Unknown | 40 (0) | 40 (0) | 1 (0.1) | <0.001 |
ICU, intensive care unit; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
Values are expressed as mean (± sd) unless otherwise indicated. P values are derived using Student's t‐test (unpaired, two‐tailed) for continuous numerical variables, and chi‐squared tests for discrete variables.