Fig. 4.

Results with AA data using the linear Kelvin wall model (top row), the linear Kelvin wall model with increased model innovation (middle row), and the nonlinear sigmoid wall model (bottom row). EnKF estimated inflow profiles (solid red) and $\pm$2 standard deviation curves (dashed red) obtained from an initial ensemble of inflow curves (gray cloud) are shown in ((a), (e), (i)). Predicted area and pressure curves using the EnKF estimated inflow profiles and $\pm$2 standard deviation curves are shown in ((b), (f), (j)) and ((c), (g), (k)), respectively. Corresponding area versus pressure curves obtained using the EnKF estimated inflow profiles are shown in ((d), (h), (l)). Area and pressure data are plotted in black.