TABLE 3.
Adjusted odds ratios of severe thinness among pregnant adolescents/women at <20 weeks of gestation, India (National Family Health Survey‐4)
| Adolescents (15–19 years) (n = 1634) | Adult women (20–49 years) (n = 9418) | |
|---|---|---|
| BAZ < –2 SD, OR (95% CI) | BMI <16, OR (95% CI) | |
| Personal background | ||
| Age group, year | ||
| 20–24 a | ||
| 25–29 | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) c | |
| 30–34 | 0.73 (0.46–1.15) | |
| >34 | 1.09 (0.60–1.98) | |
| Age at marriage under 18 years | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | |
| Parity | ||
| 0 a | ||
| 1 | 1.96 (1.18–3.27) c | 1.38 (1.00–1.90) c |
| 2 | 0.65 (0.08–4.91) | 0.99 (0.65–1.54) |
| ≥3 | NA | 1.37 (0.84–2.26) |
| Highest educational level | ||
| No education a | ||
| Primary | 1.11 (0.55–2.24) | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) |
| Secondary | 0.95 (0.55–1.66) | 0.99 (0.73–1.37) |
| Higher | 0.56 (0.07–4.55) | 0.85 (0.50–1.43) |
| Household background | ||
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural a | ||
| Urban | 1.54 (0.90–2.65) | 1.30 (0.95–1.80) |
| Caste or tribe of the household | ||
| Scheduled caste a | ||
| Scheduled tribe | 0.53 (0.25–1.12) | 0.65 (0.44–0.95) c |
| Other backward classes | 0.99 (0.58–1.69) | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) |
| Other | 1.32 (0.71–2.45) | 0.67 (0.45–0.98) |
| Improved source of drinking water | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) |
| Improved toilet facilities | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.15 (0.67–1.98) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) c |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest a | ||
| Poorer | 1.03 (0.59–1.80) | 0.82 (0.59–1.13) |
| Middle | 0.82 (0.42–1.61) | 0.68 (0.46–0.99) c |
| Richer | 0.94 (0.44–2.04) | 0.62 (0.39–1.00) b |
| Richest | 0.64 (0.22–1.92) | 0.62 (0.34–1.10) |
| Dietary intake | ||
| Consumes daily milk/curd and pulses/beans or eggs/fish/meat and dark green leafy vegetables | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.02 (0.56–1.86) | 1.21 (0.87–1.69) |
| Eats fried food weekly | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.52 (0.32–0.84) d | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) |
| Takes aerated drinks weekly | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.65 (0.96–2.85) | 1.10 (0.79–1.51) |
Abbreviation: BAZ, body mass index for age Z score.
a
Reference category.
b
P < 0.10.
c
P < 0.05.
d
P < 0.01.