TABLE 4.
Adjusted odds ratios of severe thinness among adolescents and women aged 20 years or older in the postpartum period, India (National Family Health Survey‐4)
| Adolescents (15–19 years) (n = 977) | Adult women (20–49 years) (n = 11 153) | |
|---|---|---|
| BAZ < –2 SD, OR (95% CI) | BMI <16, OR (95% CI) | |
| Personal background | ||
| Age group, year | ||
| 20–24 a | ||
| 25–29 | 0.86 (0.68–1.10) | |
| 30–34 | 0.45 (0.30–0.70) c | |
| >34 | 0.76 (0.47–1.25) | |
| Age at marriage under 18 years | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) | |
| Parity | ||
| 1 a | ||
| 2 | 0.83 (0.43–1.60) | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) |
| ≥3 | NA | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) |
| Highest educational level | ||
| No education a | ||
| Primary | 1.13 (0.58–2.20) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) |
| Secondary | 0.79 (0.46–1.38) | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) |
| Higher | NA | 0.54 (0.32–0.91) b |
| Household background | ||
| Place of residence | ||
| Rural a | ||
| Urban | 1.06 (0.55–2.03) | 0.98 (0.72–1.32) |
| Caste or tribe of the household | ||
| Scheduled caste a | ||
| Scheduled tribe | 0.97 (0.50–1.88) | 0.62 (0.46–0.83) c |
| Other backward classes | 1.32 (0.74–2.37) | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) b |
| Other | 1.04 (0.51–2.13) | 0.86 (0.63–1.17) |
| Improved source of drinking water | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.19 (0.72–1.97) | 1.03 (0.8–1.32) |
| Improved toilet facilities | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.39–1.36) | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest a | ||
| Poorer | 0.68 (0.40–1.16) | 0.75 (0.58–0.96) b |
| Middle | 0.47 (0.22–0.98) b | 0.53 (0.38–0.75) c |
| Richer | 0.41 (0.16–1.07) | 0.55 (0.36–0.83) c |
| Richest | 0.98 (0.30–3.16) | 0.53 (0.31–0.90) b |
| Maternal health services | ||
| Consumed 100 iron–folic acid | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.56 (0.32–1.00) b | 1.06 (0.83–1.34) |
| Taken drugs for intestinal worms | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.58 (0.89–2.79) | 0.85 (0.64–1.14) |
| Received supplementary food from Anganwadi Centre | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.07 (0.64–1.81) | 1.13 (0.89–1.43) |
| Received health and nutrition education at Anganwadi Centre | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.79 (1.08–2.98) b | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) |
| Dietary intake | ||
| Consume daily milk/curd and pulses/beans or eggs/fish/meat and dark green leafy vegetables | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.56 (0.27–1.17) | 0.97 (0.71–1.31) |
| Eats fried food weekly | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) |
| Takes aerated drinks weekly | ||
| No a | ||
| Yes | 1.57 (0.82–2.99) | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) |
Abbreviations: BAZ, body mass index for age Z score; NA, not applicable.
a
Reference category.
b
P < 0.05.
c
P < 0.01.