Table 4.
Relationship between pandemic-related factors and psychological distress.
| Participant Characteristics | Depression | Anxiety | PTSS | Insomnia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| % (n) | Median (IQR) | P | Adj. alpha | Median (IQR) | P | Adj. alpha | Median (IQR) | P | Adj. alpha | Median (IQR) | P | Adj. alpha | |
| Surge during time of survey | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 27.7% (70) | 5 (2–9) | 4.5 (1–9.5) | 8 (1.5–15) | 10 (3.5–13.5) | ||||||||
| No | 72.3% (183) | 4 (2–8) | .19 | .017 | 4 (1–6) | 0.08 | .017 | 5 (1–12) | .09 | .017 | 7 (4–11) | .12 | .007 |
| Infected with COVID-19 (any time) | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 4% (10) | 7 (2–12) | 5 (2–11) | 9 (0–29) | 10.5 (5–16) | ||||||||
| No | 96% (241) | 4 (2–8) | .37 | .025 | 4 (1–6) | 0.39 | .025 | 6 (1–13) | .46 | .025 | 8 (4–12) | .36 | .013 |
| Isolated self from family at any point | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 24.5% (63) | 6 (3–9.5) | 6 (1–7) | 10 (2.5–21.5) | 7 (4–11) | ||||||||
| No | 75.5% (194) | 4 (1–7) | <.001 | .006 | 4 (1–6) | .003 | .006 | 5 (1–11) | .004 | .007 | 10 (6–14) | .002 | .006 |
| Adequate PPE at work (throughout COVID-19) | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 41.7% (108) | 5 (3–9) | 5 (2–7.5) | 8 (2–15) | 8 (4.5–12) | ||||||||
| No | 54.8% (142) | 4 (1–7) | .03 | .007 | 3 (1–6) | .006 | .008 | 4 (.5–10) | .01 | .008 | 8 (4–12) | .63 | .025 |
| Staffing shortages due to COVID-19 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 73.2% (183) | 5 (2–8) | 5 (2–7) | 7 (2–15) | 7 (4–11) | ||||||||
| No | 26.8% (67) | 3 (1–6.5) | .06 | .01 | 2 (0–5) | .003 | .007 | 3 (1–8.5) | .02 | .01 | 8 (4.5–12) | .41 | .017 |
| Ventilator Shortage (throughout COVID-19) | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 12% (30) | 6 (4–9) | 5 (4–8) | 10 (5–18) | 9 (6–12) | ||||||||
| No | 88% (219) | 4 (2–8) | .05 | .008 | 4 (1–6) | .013 | .01 | 5 (1–12) | .001 | .006 | 8 (4–12) | .28 | .01 |
| Access to COVID-19 testing (throughout) | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 32.4% (81) | 4 (1–7) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–11) | 8 (3–11) | ||||||||
| No | 67.6% (169) | 4 (2–8) | .16 | .0125 | 4 (2–7) | .02 | .0125 | 6 (2–14) | .04 | .0125 | 8 (4–12) | .13 | .008 |
| Replacement of N95 masks | |||||||||||||
| At least after 1 day | 57.6% (144) | 5 (1.5–8) | 4 (1–7) | 5 (1–14) | 8 (4–12) | ||||||||
| > 1 day or never | 42.4% (106) | 4 (2–8) | .62 | .05 | 4 (1–6) | .79 | .05 | 6.5 (1–12) | .65 | .05 | 7.5 (4–12) | .87 | .05 |
Note: P values derived from Mann-Whitney U tests. Bolded P values denote statistical significance.
PTSS, post-traumatic stress symptoms; IQR, interquartile range; Adj, adjusted; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PPE, personal protective equipment.