FIG 5.

Effect of MAbs to chitooligomers on cryptococcal biofilms. Metabolic activity of mature biofilm and biofilm formation was measured indirectly by the XTT reduction assay (A and B) or crystal violet assimilation (C to F). MAb DD11 (red), MAb CC5 (green), and amphotericin B (AmB; 1 μg/ml) were tested for their ability to affect biofilms. (A, C, and E) Treatment of mature biofilms with MAbs; (B, D, and F) incubation of C. neoformans with the MAbs before biofilm formation. Data illustrate a representative experiment, with three independent replicates producing similar results. In all cases, statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in comparison to control systems were observed when the biofilms were exposed to AmB or the MAbs.