Optimization of reaction conditions^a.

(b) Additive screening
Entry	Additives	C b	eec (%)		s d
			(R)-1a-1	(S)-3a-1
1	BQ	18	17	78	10
2	2-Chloro BQ	39	50	77	13
3	2,5-dichloro BQ	35	40	75	10

^aReaction conditions:rac-1a-1 (0.1 mmol), ethyl acrylate 2a (0.6 equiv.), Pd(OAc)₂ (10 mol%), ligand (30 mol%), Ag₂CO₃ (2.0 equiv.), 2-Cl-BQ (0.3 equiv.), 1,2-DCE (1.0 mL), N₂, 75 °C, 3 days.

^bCalculated conversion, C = eeSM/(eeSM + eePR).

^cDetermined by chiral HPLC analysis.

^dSelectivity (s) = ln[(1 − C)(1 − eeSM)]/ln[(1 − C)(1 + eeSM)].

^e 2a (2.0 equiv.) used.