Table 3.
Neurodevelopmental outcome in preschoolers (2–5 years old) born with esophageal atresia
| Age (months) | (Year) | Author, year | No. of patients ( n ) | Test method | Outcome measure | Test result | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Gischler22 Netherlands, 2009 |
13 | BSID-I | Motor Cognition |
94.8 (75.9–113.7)A 95.4 (80.0–110.8) |
Normal | |
| 2 | Costerus21 Netherlands, 2019 |
5 | BSID-II-NL | Motor Cognition |
87 (83–96)B 93 (78–113) |
Normal | |
| 24 ± 9C | Mawlana17 Canada, 2018 |
182 | Bayley-3 | Motor Cognition Language |
Delay >1 SD n = 32 (18%) Delay >1 SD n = 44 (24%) Delay >1 SD n = 40 (22%) |
Significantly lower than normal | |
| 3 | Walker26 Australia, 2016 |
24 | Bayley-3 | Fine motor Gross motor Cognition Receptive language Expressive language |
10.96D 9.25 9.71 11.42 10.67 |
Receptive language improved (P < 0.001), other scales normal | |
| 3 | Giúdici23 Argentina, 2016 |
14 | CAT/CLAMS | Visomotor & receptive and expressive language skills | Normal in n = 7 (50%) | Significantly lower than normal | |
| 5 | Harmsen24 Netherlands, 2017 |
54 | M-ABC & M-ABC-II |
Motor | z-score − 0.75 ± 0.83E | Impaired (P < 0.001) | |
| 5.9 ± 0.5A | Van der Cammen-van Zijp25 Netherlands, 2010 |
29 | M-ABC | Total impairment score Manual Dexterity Ball skills Balance skills |
Impaired P ≤ 15 n = 10 (34%) Impaired P < ≤5 n = 2 (7%) Impaired P ≤ 15 n = 14 (48%) Impaired P ≤ 15 n = 12 (41%) |
Total impairment score (P < 0.05), ball skills (P < 0.01) and balance skills (<0.01) impaired, manual dexterity normal | |
| 0–6C | Bakal20 Turkey, 2016 |
24 | ADSI | Cognition | Normal in all (100%) | Normal |
ADSI, Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory; BSID, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development; CAT/CLAMS, Capute Scale Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Auditory Milestone Scale; M-ABC, Movement-Assessment Battery for Children; US, United States.
AMean (95% confidence interval).
BMedian (range).
CMean ± SD.
DMean.
ERange.