Table 1:

Definitions of healthcare system activities that strengthen social care integration and number of guidelines including healthcare activities related to social care, by category

Activity	Definition	Transportation related example	N=36 (%)	Selected Example
Awareness	Activities that identify the social risk and assets of defined patients and populations	Ask people about their access to transportation	10 (28)	“Learning how the patient financially supports and budgets for his or her medical care and medications offers the opportunity to share additional insight relating to cost reductions, including restructured payment plans”(Whelton 2017). “Utilization of a standardized tool, such as the Accountable Health Communities Screening Tool to screen health-related social needs in clinical settings”(Casey 2019).
Adjustment	Activities that focus on altering clinical care to accommodate identified social barriers	Reduce the need for in-person appointments by using other options such as telehealth appointments or reduce frequency of appointments.	21 (58)	“Although higher-risk individuals should be treated pharmacologically, careful choice of drugs with increased emphasis on cost-effectiveness becomes particularly important with growing economic constraints” (Zanchetti 1993).
Assistance	Activities that reduce social risk by connecting patients with relevant social care resources	Providing transportation vouchers so that patients can travel to health care appointments. Vouchers can be used for ride-sharing services or public transportation.	6 (17)	“Referral to other members of the team with appropriate expertise should be considered when encountering barriers to regimen adherence such as cost”(Levey 2004).
Alignment	Activities undertaken by health care systems to understand existing social care assets in the community, organize them to facilitate synergies, and invest in and deploy them to positively affect health outcomes	Invest in community ride-sharing programs; offer home visits by community health workers to monitor blood pressure	5 (14)	“Creation of partnerships with community organizations that provide healthy food and assist with enrollment in federal nutrition assistance programs”(Casey 2019).
Advocacy	Activities in which health care organizations work with partner social care organizations to promote policies that facilitate the creation and redeployment of assets or resources to address health and social needs.	Work to promote policies that fundamentally change the transportation infrastructure within the community or the location of clinics to improve accessibility.	8 (22)	“Lobby the food and entertainment industries for standards of conduct that limit the aggressive targeting of advertising and marketing of high-calorie, low-nutrient-density products to young children or people of color”(Smith 2005). “The recent recommendations by the American Public Health Association and the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee that the food industry, including manufacturers and restaurants, reduce sodium in the food supply by 50 percent over the next decade is the type of approach which, if implemented, would reduce BP in the population”(Chobanian 2004).
Acknowledgement	Any mention the influence of socioeconomic status on health without reference to specific social care integration activities.	Mention that patients may face transportation barriers to reach their clinical appointments	18 (50)	“We are aware that there is great variability in access to medical care among communities”(Weber 2014). “The best treatments are of no use to a patient if he or she cannot access the healthcare system, has inadequate services, or obtains health care too late to change the outcome”(Bairey Merz 2009).
Acknowledge Only	Guidelines include only acknowledgement activities		2 (6)
None	No mention of any social care activity		10 (28)