Table 2. Characteristics (%) of ≥ 65 years old patients by herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination status, VHA (n = 136,016) and MarketScan (172,790).
| VHA | MarketScan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | No HZ vaccination (n = 108,597) | HZ vaccination (n = 27,419) | Unwtd p-value | Unwtd. SMD% | No HZ vaccination (n = 148,178) | HZ vaccination (n = 24,612) | Unwtd p-value | Unwtd. SMD% |
| Index fiscal year | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 2011 | 97516 (89.8) | 19162 (69.9) | -5.2 | 103073 (69.6) | 12895 (52.4) | -35.8 | ||
| 2012 | 11081 (10.2) | 8257 (30.1) | 51.2 | 45105 (30.4) | 11717 (47.6) | 35.8 | ||
| Sociodemographic-related | ||||||||
| Age category | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 65–69 | 29243 (26.9) | 7594 (27.7) | 1.7 | 89461 (60.4) | 15813 (64.2) | 8.0 | ||
| 70–74 | 18502 (17.0) | 6014 (21.9) | 12.4 | 28896 (19.5) | 4918 (20.0) | 1.2 | ||
| ≥ 75 | 60852 (56.0) | 13811 (50.4) | -11.4 | 29821 (20.1) | 3881 (15.8) | -11.4 | ||
| Female gender | 4333 (4.0) | 1133 (4.1) | .28 | 0.7 | 96845 (65.4) | 15442 (62.7) | < .001 | -5.5 |
| Race | < .001 | |||||||
| White | 97604 (89.9) | 26514 (96.7) | 27.5 | |||||
| Black | 9763 (9.0) | 658 (2.4) | -28.7 | - | - | |||
| Other | 1230 (1.1) | 247 (0.9) | -2.3 | - | - | |||
| Married | 73895 (68.1) | 21280 (77.6) | < .001 | 21.6 | - | - | ||
| Region | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| Northeast | 13191 (12.2) | 3293 (12.0) | -0.4 | 57385 (38.7) | 6785 (27.6) | -23.9 | ||
| North central | 40410 (37.2) | 16971 (61.9) | 50.9 | 27071 (18.3) | 5892 (23.9) | 13.9 | ||
| South | 39826 (36.7) | 4169 (15.2) | -50.5 | 37208 (25.1) | 5113 (20.8) | -10.3 | ||
| West | 11961 (11.0) | 2982 (10.9) | -0.4 | 24732 (16.7) | 6413 (26.1) | 23.0 | ||
| Unknown | 3209 (3.0) | < 5 | -24.5 | 1782 (1.2) | 409 (1.7) | 3.9 | ||
| VHA only insurance | 21822 (20.1) | 3116 (11.4) | < .001 | -24.2 | - | - | - | - |
| High healthcare utilization | 28800 (26.5) | 5795 (21.1) | < .001 | -12.7 | 37104 (25.0) | 6086 (24.7) | .30 | -0.7 |
| # well visits, category | < .001 | < .001 | ||||||
| 0 | 6572 (59.9) | 15699 (57.3) | -5.4 | 21021 (14.2) | 1766 (7.2) | -22.8 | ||
| 1–2 | 28958 (26.7) | 7669 (28.0) | 2.9 | 109159 (73.7) | 16835 (68.4) | -11.6 | ||
| ≥ 3 | 14567 (13.4) | 4051 (14.8) | 3.9 | 17998 (12.2) | 6011 (24.4) | 32.2 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Type II Diabetes | 36358 (33.5) | 7705 (28.1) | < .001 | -11.7 | 21983 (14.8) | 3245 (13.2) | < .001 | -4.8 |
| Obesity | 35734 (32.9) | 10452 (38.1) | < .001 | 10.9 | 7635 (5.2) | 1464 (6.0) | < .001 | 3.5 |
| Hypertension | 90415 (83.3) | 22182 (80.9) | < .001 | -6.2 | 88640 (59.8) | 14080 (57.2) | < .001 | -5.3 |
| Stroke | 5520 (5.1) | 930 (3.4) | < .001 | -8.4 | 2555 (1.7) | 418 (1.7) | .77 | -0.2 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 46555 (42.9) | 10473 (38.2) | < .001 | -9.5 | 21652 (14.6) | 3213 (13.1) | < .001 | -4.5 |
| Congestive heart failure | 17185 (15.8) | 2673 (9.8) | < .001 | -18.3 | 4459 (3.0) | 595 (2.4) | < .001 | -3.6 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 18330 (16.9) | 3840 (14.0) | < .001 | -8.0 | 8133 (5.5) | 1259 (5.1) | .02 | -1.7 |
| Asthma | 8151 (7.5) | 2014 (7.4) | .37 | -0.6 | 10621 (7.2) | 1935 (7.9) | .001 | 2.6 |
| COPD | 23914 (22.0) | 4275 (15.6) | < .001 | -16.5 | 8792 (5.9) | 1264 (5.1) | < .001 | -3.5 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 3058 (2.8) | 542 (2.0) | < .001 | -5.5 | 2377 (1.6) | 479 (2.0) | < .001 | 2.6 |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | 6451 (5.9) | 1215 (4.4) | < .001 | -6.8 | 3644 (2.5) | 600 (2.4) | .84 | -0.1 |
| Depression | 9923 (9·1) | 2254 (8.2) | < .001 | -3.3 | 5108 (3.5) | 1088 (4.4) | < .001 | 5.0 |
| Anxiety disorder a | 8705 (8.0) | 1950 (7.1) | < .001 | -3.4 | 4152 (2.8) | 812 (3.3) | < .001 | 2.9 |
| Nicotine dependence | 26612 (24.5) | 5471 (20.0) | < .001 | -11.0 | 6464 (4.4) | 1148 (4.7) | .03 | 1.5 |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 4533 (4.2) | 881 (3.2) | < .001 | -5.1 | 580 (0.4) | 130 (0.5) | .002 | 2.0 |
| Drug abuse/dependence | 1353 (1.3) | 159 (0.6) | < .001 | -7.0 | 189 (0.1) | 47 (0.2) | .01 | 1.6 |
| Medications b | ||||||||
| Anticholinergics | 13934 (12.8) | 3179 (11.6) | < .001 | -3.9 | 15796 (10.7) | 3277 (13.3) | < .001 | 8.2 |
| NSAIDS | 14047 (12.9) | 3784 (13.8) | < .001 | 2.5 | 12667 (8.6) | 2756 (11.2) | < .001 | 8.9 |
| Antihypertensives | 77829 (71.7) | 20184 (73.6) | < .001 | 4.4 | 70151 (47.3) | 12480 (50.7) | < .001 | 6.7 |
| Statins | 61788 (56.9) | 17920 (65.4) | < .001 | 17.4 | 53382 (36.0) | 10542 (42.8) | < .001 | 14.0 |
| Steroids | 11643 (10.7) | 2694 (9.8) | < .001 | -3.0 | 7813 (5.3) | 1484 (6.0) | < .001 | 3.3 |
| Antivirals | 1324 (1.2) | 360 (1.3) | .21 | 0.8 | 2660 (1.8) | 661 (2.7) | < .001 | 6.0 |
| Metformin | 14003 (12.9) | 3637 (13.3) | .10 | 1.1 | 9818 (6.6) | 1658 (6.7) | .52 | 0.4 |
| Sulfonylurea | 13899 (12.8) | 2855 (10.4) | < .0001 | -7.5 | 4964 (3.4) | 721 (2·9) | .001 | -2.4 |
aAnxiety disorders = panic disorder, OCD, social phobia, GAD, Anxiety NOS
bMedications = sustained use prior to index (at least 2 fills in a 6-month period).