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. 2021 Nov 17;16(11):e0258995. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258995

Table 1. Final 20 Delphi projections.

No. Projections
  Socio Cultural
1 By 2030 in the European Union, most people and companies will have a degree of knowledge about what a blockchain-based system is and how it works
2 By 2030, the European Union will be a leader hub and an example for companies working with blockchain-based technologies, applications and usage
  Policy and Regulations
3 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain-based technologies will be widely used in order to increase security regarding transactions and data management, as well as to reduce costs and duration of processes
4 By 2030 in the European Union, challenges in terms of standards and governance, personal data protection and digital identity management will be solved in order to ensure fair and secure access to data stored on blockchain-based technology
5 By 2030, regulations and directives made by the European Union Commission will foster the implementation, innovation and development of blockchain-based technologies and solutions
  Economic
6 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain-based systems will not eliminate the need for financial intermediaries; they will create a substitution of traditional intermediaries that will require fewer regulations
7 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain entrepreneurship will be focused on designing financial credit services aiming at improving lending practices around efficiency, efficacy and security
8 By 2030 in the European Union, most financial services providers will need to radically change their business model in order to adapt to the innovation brought by blockchain-based systems both in terms of infrastructure and services provided
9 By 2030 in the European Union, companies that will digitize/ tokenize their assets via blockchain-based systems will have a competitive advantage and will benefit from a higher growth that those who will not implement it
  Technological
10 By 2030 in Europe, blockchain-based technologies will be commonly used and implemented to trace transactions to the financial statement and for other auditing purposes
11 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain-based technologies will enhance the reliability of credit systems, enabling them to adopt tamper proof algorithmic executions
12 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain-based technologies will enable startups and SMEs to have access to loans without the need to provide collaterals
13 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain-based technologies will allow to issue and transfer equity shares on the private exchange marketplaces, by replacing the current paper certificates’ system
14 By 2030 in the European Union, ICOs will be commonly used as a way to finance a project, but they will be subject to strict regulations that will ask for many details, such as the code source and the type of tokens issued
15 By 2030 in the European Union, most transactions (e.g. payments, property exchanges) will be carried out through blockchain-based systems to ensure reliability and transparency
  Business
16 By 2030 in the European Union, major blockchain applications will be private, among consortiums and company agreements
17 By 2030 in the European Union, public blockchains will remain for cryptocurrencies as a form of capital investment
18 By 2030 in the European Union, thanks to blockchain-based systems, companies will have access to the digitization of their shares and will be allowed to issue tokenized bonds
19 By 2030 in the European Union, blockchain tokens will allow more and more open-source projects to raise funds and support continued development by repaying the developers contributing to the project
20 By 2030 in the European Union, smart contracts will be highly adopted for trust-less transactions in financial and economic markets, also extended to stocks, bonds, futures, loans, mortgages, property rights, intellectual property and other contracts