Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of colon cancer cases and controls in EPIC and NSHDS participantsa
| Variable | EPIC |
NSHDS |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 486) | Controls (n = 490) | Cases (n = 26) | Controls (n = 26) | |
| Mean (SD) age at blood collection, y | 62.0 (5.4) | 61.9 (5.4) | 60.4 (2.1) | 60.3 (2.0) |
| Mean (SD) body weight, kg | 68.6 (11.8) | 67.5 (10.5) | 75.9 (12.9) | 69.5 (13.4) |
| BMI, No. (%) | 26.6 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.2) | 28.4 (5.5) | 26.6 (4.9) |
| Underweight (>18.5 kg/m2) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.9) |
| Normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) | 196 (40.3) | 190 (38.8) | 8 (30.8) | 12 (46.2) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2) | 203 (39.1) | 203 (41.4) | 11 (42.3) | 7 (26.9) |
| Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 92 (19.6) | 92 (18.8) | 7 (26.9) | 6 (23.1) |
| Smoking status, No. (%) | ||||
| Never | 299 (61.5) | 309 (63.1) | 10 (38.5) | 14 (53.9) |
| Former | 111 (22.8) | 104 (21.2) | 12 (46.2) | 7 (26.9) |
| Current | 68 (14.0) | 71 (14.5) | 4 (15.4) | 5 (19.2) |
| Unknown | 8 (1.7) | 6 (1.2) | N/A | N/A |
| Physical activity, No. (%) | ||||
| Inactive | 169 (34.8) | 172 (35.1) | 4 (15.4) | 9 (34.6) |
| Moderately inactive | 151 (31.1) | 150 (30.6) | 6 (23.1) | 6 (23.1) |
| Moderately active | 87 (17.9) | 88 (18.0) | 6 (23.1) | 4 (15.4) |
| Active | 65 (13.4) | 68 (13.9) | 8 (30.8) | 5 (19.2) |
| Missing | 14 (2.9) | 12 (2.5) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) |
| Ever used menopausal HT, No. (%) | ||||
| No | 387 (79.6) | 392 (80.0) | 26 (100.0) | 26 (100.0) |
| Yes | 70 (14.4) | 72 (14.7) | N/A | N/A |
| Unknown/missing | 29 (6.0) | 26 (5.3) | N/A | N/A |
| Mean (SD) alcohol consumption, g/d | 5.7 (9.8) | 5.9 (10.2) | 3.0 (3.5) | 1.5 (2.1) |
| Serologic variables, median (IQR) | ||||
| Estrone, pg/mL | 18.1 (12.3-25.1) | 17.7 (12.9-23.6) | 25.1 (22.0-40.5) | 23.9 (20.9-33.6) |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 3.9 (2.6-6.0) | 4.0 (2.6-6.0) | 6.2 (4.3-11.6) | 5.9 (5.1-11.5) |
| Testosterone, pg/mL | 185.9 (129.0-257.2) | 183.5 (127.9-246.2) | 227.4 (166.8-298.8) | 213.1 (162.4-275.8) |
| Androstenedione, ng/mL | 490.1 (346.1-660.4) | 466.9 (348.6-641.7) | 709.0 (517.9-878.4) | 566.7 (497.4-832.9) |
| DHEA, ng/mL | 1.9 (1.2-2.8) | 1.8 (1.2-2.9) | 2.5 (1.5-3.7) | 2.4 (1.8-3.6) |
| Progesterone, pg/mL | 52.2 (37.5-76.1) | 53.1 (39.6-73.5) | 65.3 (51.3-100.8) | 62.3 (43.5-83.0) |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 54.2 (38.4-74.6) | 52.9 (40.4-70.1) | 51.8 (37.5-68.8) | 65.4 (52.1-86.9) |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | 85.8 (53.7-149.5) | 91.8 (56.8-138.3) | 159.0 (102.0-266.6) | 125.3 (95.7-251.0) |
| Free testosterone, ng/mL | 5.2 (3.2-7.8) | 5.2 (3.3-7.4) | 7.0 (4.7-9.9) | 5.5 (3.4-8.9) |
a
BMI= body mass index; DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone; EPIC = European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; HT = hormone therapy; IQR = interquartile range; N/A = not applicable; NSHDS = The Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; SD = standard deviation; SHBG = sex hormone–binding protein.