Table 1.

Phytochemical evaluation of silymarin extract.

Sr. no.	Phytochemical test	Observation	Inference
1	Mayer's test	No precipitate observed	Alkaloid absent
2	Dragendorff's test	Absence of orange color	Alkaloid absent
3	Wagner's test	Absence of reddish-brown precipitate	Alkaloid absent
4	Extract+aluminium chloride solution	Yellow-colored solution	Flavonoids present
5	Extract+Aq. NaOH	Yellow-orange color solution, disappears after addition of HCl	Flavonoid present
6	Extract+Conc. H2SO4	Orange-colored solution	Flavonoid present
7	Extract+Aq. ferric chloride (10%)	Deep blue-colored solution	Phenol present
8	Extract+ferric chloride (5%)	Green black-colored solution	Tannins presents
9	DW+extract+shake vigorously	Absence of foam layer	Saponins absent
10	Salkowski test	Reddish brown color at the interface	Terpenoids present
11	Extract+Conc. HCl	Yellow-colored precipitate not observed	Quinins absent
12	Extract+2 M NaOH	Blue green color not formed	Anthocyanin absent
13	Ninhydrin test	Purple color not observed in solution	Protein absent
14	Benedict's test	Red precipitate forms	Reducing sugar present
15	Iodine test	Purple color not formed after addition of iodine	Polysaccharide absent
16	Extract+2% HCl	No color change	Anthraquinones absent

^∗∗Note: the entire phytochemical test conducted as per protocol mentioned in [27, 28] without modification.