Table 2. User demographics and survey scores for the 72 autism families in the GuessWhat treatment group and the 19 matched participants in the comparison control group (autism families who did not play GuessWhat but completed all other procedures) .
| Demographic information, Mean (SD)/Percent ( N ) iii | All users ( N = 72) | Users with ≥28 sessions ( N = 17) | Users with 4 wk of consistent usage ( N = 13) | Comparison group ( N = 19) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 8.17 (2.25) | 7.97 (2.58) | 7.9 (2.13) | 8.4 (2.89) | |
| Gender (% male) | 75% (54) | 80% (16) | 85% (11) | 84% (16) | |
| Comorbidity | Attention deficit disorder | 14% (10) | 15% (3) | 8% (1) | 21% (4) |
| Anxiety disorder | 6% (4) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 21% (4) | |
| Bipolar disorder | 1% (1) | 0% (0) | 8% (1) | 0% (0) | |
| Sensory processing disorder | 4% (3) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 5% (1) | |
| Race and ethnicity |
Caucasian/Euro-American | 72% (52) | 65% (13) | 77% (10) | 68% (13) |
| African American | 7% (5) | 10% (2) | 0% (0) | 26% (5) | |
| East Asian/Asian American | 10% (7) | 10% (2) | 8% (1) | 0% (0) | |
| South Asian/Indian American | 4% (3) | 10% (2) | 0% (0) | 5% (1) | |
| Middle Eastern/Arab American | 1% (1) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | |
| Pacific Islander | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 11% (2) | |
| Native American/Alaskan Native | 1% (1) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) | 5% (1) | |
| Hispanic/Latino/Spanish Origin | 22% (16) | 20% (4) | 8% (1) | 21% (4) | |
| Unknown/Not listed | 6% (4) | 5% (1) | 77% (10) | 0% (0) | |
| Concurrent therapy enrollment | Applied behavior analysis (ABA) | 47% (34) | 50% (10) | 62% (8) | 58% (11) |
| Social skills therapy | 35% (25) | 40% (8) | 31% (4) | 37% (7) | |
| Special education classes | 44% (32) | 30% (6) | 38% (5) | 53% (10) | |
| Speech-language pathology | 74% (53) | 70% (14) | 69% (9) | 47% (9) | |
| Occupational therapy | 58% (42) | 65% (13) | 62% (8) | 68% (13) | |
| No therapy | 14% (10) | 15% (3) | 8% (1) | 5% (1) | |
| 1 type of therapy only | 2.8% (2) | 5% (1) | 0% (0) | 26% (5) | |
| 2+ types of therapy | 83% (60) | 80% (16) | 0% (0) | 68% (13) | |
| Clinical evaluations | |||||
| Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), intake score | Social awareness | 75.24 (9.85) | 74.29 (9.42) | 76.54 (6.71) | 79.71 (10.44) |
| Social cognition | 77.46 (8.36) | 76.47 (9.07) | 77.77 (6.1) | 76.22 (11.63) | |
| Social communication | 78.5 (9.51) | 78.53 (11.23) | 80.08 (4.05) | 79.24 (9.29) | |
| Social motivation | 69.67 (11.14) | 68.12 (11.94) | 67.62 (8.71) | 70.4 (5.74) | |
| Restricted and repetitive behavior | 79.04 (9.77) | 78.24 (9.97) | 82.31 (7.03) | 77 (11.06) | |
| Total* | 80 (8.43) | 78.82 (10.56) | 81 (4.56) | 80.82 (8.18) | |
| Vineland adaptive behavior scales-II (VABS-II), intake score | Receptive communication | 9.55 (3.31) | 9.76 (3.88) | 8.85 (1.63) | 8.93 (2.43) |
| Expressive communication | 9.86 (4.04) | 10.94 (5.02) | 9 (1.28) | 8.22 (4.05) | |
| Socialization relationships | 8.99 (3.69) | 9.56 (3.79) | 8.54 (2.02) | 7.78 (3.25) | |
| Socialization play | 8.55 (3.18) | 10.18 (5.87) | 8.77 (2.3) | 7.67 (4.56) | |
| Socialization adaptive | 10.82 (3.21) | 12 (3.82) | 10.23 (2.13) | 9.65 (3.14) | |
| Socialization standard Total* | 68.94 (15.53) | 73.44 (20.85) | 68.08 (6.75) | 65.17 (20.52) | |
Note: The baseline total scores (designated with a ) for the two primary measures did not differ significantly between the treatment and control groups, regardless of usage patterns.