Global protein synthesisin vitro. Global protein synthesis quantified by the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) method increased in stepwise fashion with Low, Medium, and Max conditions in relation to the HBSS in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The addition of a whole-grain wheat extract at 0.25% v/v further increased global protein synthesis in the Low condition, with a trend for an increase in the Medium condition, but no additional increase was observed in the Max condition. HBSS, Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; Low, amino acid–free DMEM; Medium, DMEM; Max, DMEM supplemented with 4 mM leucine, 2 mM isoleucine, 2 mM valine, and 1.5 nM insulin. The whole-grain wheat extract and amino acid doses were selected based upon results from dose-response curves that showed the greatest signal for global protein synthesis quantified by the SUnSET method (data not presented). Data represent mean ± SD of the fold-change compared with the HBSS condition. *,t Different compared with matched Control condition using 1-factor ANOVA with Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test: *P < 0.05; t, P < 0.10.