Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population by Race and Ethnicity
| Racial/ethnic groupa | Hispanic, | Asian, | Black, | Other/ multiple, | White, | Overall, |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %b (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Outcome | ||||||
| Vaccination coverage | 18.87 (18.11, 19.64) |
29.97 (28.91, 31.04) |
21.40 (20.52, 22.28) |
21.72 (20.44, 22.99) |
26.87 (26.55, 27.18) |
25.07 (24.79, 25.35) |
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Ages 18–34 years | 32.70 (31.75, 33.65) |
29.91 (28.72, 31.09) |
19.98 (19.08, 20.88) |
27.18 (25.87, 28.48) |
21.62 (21.35, 21.89) |
23.74 (23.50, 23.99) |
| Age 35–49 years | 31.69 (30.86, 32.52) |
29.98 (29.12, 30.84) |
32.03 (30.87, 33.18) |
31.49 (29.95, 33.04) |
24.04 (23.88, 24.20) |
26.57 (26.35, 26.80) |
| Ages 50–64 years | 23.69 (22.81, 24.57) |
25.02 (23.94, 26.10) |
31.22 (30.21, 32.23) |
24.86 (23.66, 26.05) |
27.68 (27.47, 27.89) |
27.21 (26.98, 27.43) |
| Ages ≥65 years | 11.92 (11.33, 12.51) |
15.09 (14.31, 15.87) |
16.77 (16.15, 17.38) |
16.47 (15.11, 17.84) |
26.65 (26.46, 26.84) |
22.48 (22.29, 22.66) |
| 1 adultc | 7.24 (6.73, 7.76) |
6.97 (6.39, 7.55) |
15.62 (14.51, 16.72) |
10.73 (9.74, 11.72) |
11.04 (10.72, 11.36) |
10.72 (10.36, 11.08) |
| 2 adultsc | 37.43 (36.22, 38.65) |
41.15 (39.58, 42.72) |
41.10 (40.05, 42.15) |
43.83 (41.86, 45.79) |
55.55 (55.09, 56.01) |
50.21 (49.67, 50.74) |
| ≥3 adultsc | 55.32 (53.88, 56.76) |
51.88 (50.03, 53.73) |
43.28 (41.59, 44.97) |
45.44 (43.06, 47.82) |
33.41 (32.69, 34.12) |
39.07 (38.23, 39.92) |
| 0 childrenc | 50.06 (48.94, 51.18) |
58.57 (56.87, 60.27) |
54.98 (53.89, 56.07) |
56.32 (54.17, 58.48) |
68.27 (67.94, 68.61) |
63.26 (62.89, 63.62) |
| 1 childc | 20.95 (19.90, 21.99) |
20.00 (18.73, 21.27) |
21.26 (20.24, 22.27) |
19.88 (18.24, 21.52) |
15.20 (14.93, 15.46) |
17.09 (16.84, 17.34) |
| 2 childrenc | 16.62 (15.79, 17.45) |
15.37 (14.27, 16.47) |
12.99 (12.26, 13.72) |
13.37 (12.20, 14.54) |
10.84 (10.64, 11.03) |
12.24 (12.01, 12.48) |
| ≥3 childrenc | 12.37 (11.51, 13.24) |
6.06 (5.30, 6.81) |
10.78 (9.82, 11.73) |
10.43 (9.24, 11.61) |
5.69 (5.49, 5.89) |
7.41 (7.20, 7.61) |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||||||
| Health insurance | 80.44 (79.51, 81.37) |
93.47 (92.57, 94.37) |
88.28 (87.36, 89.19) |
87.49 (86.31, 88.67) |
93.48 (93.27, 93.69) |
90.77 (90.51, 91.03) |
| Income <$25,000 | 21.75 (20.71, 22.79) |
10.65 (9.65, 11.65) |
24.27 (23.26, 25.28) |
18.47 (17.17, 19.77) |
11.06 (10.82, 11.29) |
14.26 (14.01, 14.52) |
| Income $25,000–$34,999 | 15.50 (14.49, 16.51) |
8.74 (7.68, 9.80) |
15.21 (14.21, 16.21) |
12.11 (11.01, 13.20) |
9.52 (9.28, 9.76) |
11.05 (10.83, 11.27) |
| Income $35,000–$49,999 | 16.42 (15.51, 17.34) |
10.44 (9.35, 11.52) |
14.68 (13.93, 15.43) |
13.80 (12.43, 15.16) |
11.77 (11.53, 12.02) |
12.78 (12.55, 13.01) |
| Income $50,000–$74,999 | 18.76 (17.86, 19.66) |
14.22 (13.16, 15.29) |
17.66 (16.85, 18.47) |
17.98 (16.73, 19.24) |
18.43 (18.10, 18.76) |
18.18 (17.90, 18.45) |
| Income $75,000–$99,999 | 10.49 (9.84, 11.14) |
12.18 (11.16, 13.21) |
10.09 (9.53, 10.65) |
13.65 (12.30, 14.99) |
14.45 (14.19, 14.70) |
13.26 (13.04, 13.49) |
| Income $100,000–$149,999 | 9.60 (9.10, 10.10) |
17.82 (16.72, 18.93) |
10.55 (9.82, 11.28) |
12.66 (11.73, 13.59) |
17.46 (17.17, 17.74) |
15.42 (15.20, 15.63) |
| Income $150,000–$199,999 | 3.82 (3.52, 4.13) |
10.01 (9.27, 10.75) |
4.21 (3.75, 4.66) |
5.56 (4.91, 6.21) |
8.16 (8.01, 8.32) |
7.11 (6.98, 7.23) |
| Income ≥$200,000 | 3.65 (3.25, 4.05) |
15.94 (14.97, 16.90) |
3.33 (3.05, 3.62) |
5.77 (4.91, 6.63) |
9.15 (8.95, 9.35) |
7.95 (7.79, 8.10) |
| Education: less than high school | 6.84 (6.21, 7.47) |
2.81 (2.03, 3.59) |
1.66 (1.20, 2.12) |
2.69 (1.87, 3.50) |
1.16 (1.01, 1.31) |
2.21 (2.09, 2.32) |
| Education: some high school | 12.95 (12.12, 13.78) |
4.57 (3.59, 5.55) |
6.17 (5.43, 6.91) |
4.14 (3.34, 4.94) |
2.72 (2.55, 2.89) |
4.76 (4.57, 4.94) |
| Education: high school graduate or equivalent | 31.04 (29.90, 32.18) |
13.40 (12.17, 14.62) |
32.37 (30.90, 33.84) |
30.39 (28.63, 32.16) |
28.07 (27.74, 28.40) |
28.30 (28.02, 28.59) |
| Education: some college | 20.50 (19.71, 21.29) |
14.88 (13.89, 15.86) |
22.36 (21.48, 23.24) |
24.12 (22.70, 25.54) |
20.79 (20.55, 21.03) |
20.73 (20.55, 20.91) |
| Education: associate degree | 8.73 (8.19, 9.28) |
7.12 (6.41, 7.84) |
10.32 (9.60, 11.03) |
10.72 (9.89, 11.55) |
10.10 (9.92, 10.28) |
9.79 (9.64, 9.94) |
| Education: bachelor's degree | 12.25 (11.77, 12.73) |
29.19 (28.19, 30.18) |
14.08 (13.46, 14.70) |
16.26 (15.28, 17.24) |
20.81 (20.61, 21.02) |
19.09 (18.92, 19.26) |
| Education: graduate degree | 7.69 (7.30, 8.07) |
28.05 (26.83, 29.27) |
13.04 (12.35, 13.73) |
11.68 (10.96, 12.40) |
16.35 (16.16, 16.54) |
15.12 (14.96, 15.28) |
| Employment: government | 8.37 (7.88, 8.86) |
8.36 (7.68, 9.04) |
12.24 (11.51, 12.97) |
10.61 (9.53, 11.69) |
8.17 (7.99, 8.35) |
8.71 (8.54, 8.89) |
| Employment: private company | 35.89 (34.83, 36.96) |
40.58 (39.19, 41.97) |
29.82 (28.75, 30.88) |
33.33 (32.05, 34.61) |
35.60 (35.21, 35.98) |
35.22 (34.87, 35.57) |
| Employment: nonprofit organization | 4.48 (4.16, 4.80) |
6.72 (6.19, 7.26) |
6.81 (6.24, 7.39) |
5.50 (4.85, 6.15) |
6.31 (6.17, 6.46) |
6.08 (5.94, 6.21) |
| Employment: self-employed | 6.29 (5.80, 6.78) |
6.41 (5.57, 7.25) |
4.13 (3.70, 4.56) |
6.02 (5.27, 6.78) |
6.73 (6.52, 6.94) |
6.36 (6.19, 6.52) |
| Employment: family business | 2.06 (1.66, 2.46) |
1.43 (1.08, 1.77) |
0.91 (0.63, 1.18) |
1.40 (0.90, 1.90) |
1.35 (1.24, 1.46) |
1.42 (1.32, 1.52) |
| Employment: unemployed | 32.68 (31.65, 33.72) |
25.59 (24.13, 27.05) |
29.77 (28.43, 31.10) |
28.18 (26.30, 30.07) |
18.61 (18.28, 18.93) |
22.56 (22.27, 22.85) |
| Employment: sick/disability | 2.30 (1.98, 2.62) |
1.04 (0.74, 1.33) |
3.93 (3.35, 4.51) |
4.63 (3.85, 5.41) |
2.66 (2.52, 2.80) |
2.72 (2.61, 2.84) |
| Employment: retired | 7.93 (7.37, 8.48) |
9.86 (9.08, 10.65) |
12.39 (11.74, 13.05) |
10.32 (9.40, 11.25) |
20.58 (20.32, 20.83) |
16.93 (16.71, 17.15) |
| Economic hardship during the pandemic | ||||||
| Trouble paying household expenses | 32.70 (31.75, 33.65) |
29.91 (28.72, 31.09) |
19.98 (19.08, 20.88) |
27.18 (25.87, 28.48) |
21.62 (21.35, 21.89) |
23.74 (23.50, 23.99) |
| Received SNAP benefits | 17.21 (16.12, 18.30) |
7.83 (6.78, 8.88) |
25.25 (24.29, 26.21) |
17.19 (15.82, 18.57) |
7.62 (7.37, 7.86) |
11.21 (10.97, 11.46) |
| Received unemployment insurance | 19.40 (18.55, 20.26) |
16.67 (15.42, 17.92) |
19.54 (18.34, 20.74) |
17.75 (16.48, 19.03) |
14.11 (13.85, 14.37) |
15.72 (15.44, 16.00) |
| Received a stimulus check | 62.46 (61.43, 63.50) |
54.97 (53.60, 56.33) |
58.57 (57.26, 59.88) |
56.36 (54.63, 58.10) |
52.43 (52.01, 52.84) |
54.83 (54.46, 55.21) |
| Lost income during pandemic | 59.54 (58.58, 60.50) |
44.45 (42.96, 45.94) |
52.76 (51.49, 54.03) |
56.48 (54.65, 58.31) |
41.95 (41.59, 42.31) |
46.35 (46.01, 46.70) |
| Food sufficiency | 82.49 (81.48, 83.50) |
94.61 (93.97, 95.25) |
80.74 (79.80, 81.68) |
83.74 (82.53, 84.96) |
92.95 (92.75, 93.16) |
89.88 (89.63, 90.13) |
a
Racial and ethnic groups include Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic), non-Hispanic Asian alone (Asian), non-Hispanic Black or African American alone (Black), non-Hispanic persons of other or multiple races (other/multiple), and non-Hispanic White alone (White).
b
Weighted percentages were calculated using person-level probability weights. CIs were calculated using replicate weights.
c
Refers to the number of adults or children in the respondent's household.
SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.