Table 4.
Relationships between non-lesioned subcortical volumes and two measures of sensorimotor behaviour (impairment, activity limitations)
| Chronic sensorimotor impairment and activity limitations | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain region | n | Beta (CI) | SE | df | t-value | P-value | d | Significant covariates |
| Sensorimotor impairment in chronic stroke | ||||||||
| Ipsilesional | ||||||||
| Caudate | 94 | 0.92 (−0.06 to 1.89) | 0.49 | 77 | 1.87 | 0.065 | 0.43 | ICV |
| Lateral ventricle | 256 | −0.74 (−1.20 to 0.27) | 0.24 | 237 | −3.13 | 0.002 | −0.41 | Age, ICV |
| Nucleus accumbens | 171 | 0.58 (0.01–1.15) | 0.29 | 153 | 2.02 | 0.045 | 0.33 | Age |
| Pallidum | 120 | 0.76 (0.01–1.51) | 0.38 | 102 | 2.02 | 0.046 | 0.40 | – |
| Putamen | 104 | 1.50 (0.61–2.39) | 0.45 | 87 | 3.34 | 0.001 | 0.72 | – |
| Thalamus | 84 | 0.33 (−0.72 to 1.38) | 0.53 | 68 | 0.62 | 0.537 | 0.15 | – |
| Contralesional | ||||||||
| Caudate | 222 | 0.06 (−0.44 to 0.57) | 0.26 | 204 | 0.25 | 0.806 | 0.03 | ICV |
| Lateral ventricle | 256 | −0.51 (−0.88 to 0.14) | 0.19 | 237 | −2.70 | 0.007 | −0.35 | Age, ICV |
| Nucleus accumbens | 222 | 0.21 (−0.31 to 0.73) | 0.26 | 204 | 0.80 | 0.425 | 0.11 | Age |
| Pallidum | 231 | 0.20 (−0.33 to 0.73) | 0.27 | 213 | 0.74 | 0.459 | 0.10 | Sex |
| Putamen | 229 | 0.10 (−0.38 to 0.58) | 0.24 | 211 | 0.41 | 0.681 | 0.06 | Age, ICV |
| Thalamus | 211 | −0.40 (−0.88 to 0.07) | 0.24 | 193 | −1.67 | 0.096 | −0.24 | Age, ICV |
| Activity limitations in chronic stroke | ||||||||
| Ipsilesional | ||||||||
| Caudate | 52 | −0.63 (−1.80 to 0.53) | 0.58 | 44 | −1.09 | 0.280 | −0.33 | – |
| Lateral ventricle | 116 | −0.71 (−1.46 to 0.04) | 0.38 | 108 | −1.88 | 0.062 | −0.36 | Age, ICV |
| Nucleus accumbens | 86 | 0.77 (−0.31 to 1.85) | 0.54 | 78 | 1.42 | 0.159 | 0.32 | – |
| Pallidum | 64 | 0.71 (−0.25 to 1.67) | 0.48 | 56 | 1.47 | 0.146 | 0.39 | – |
| Putamen | 65 | 0.71 (−0.62 to 2.04) | 0.67 | 57 | 1.06 | 0.292 | 0.28 | – |
| Thalamus | 56 | 0.94 (−0.36 to 2.25) | 0.65 | 48 | 1.45 | 0.153 | 0.42 | – |
| Contralesional | ||||||||
| Caudate | 96 | −0.07 (−0.98 to 0.84) | 0.46 | 88 | −0.15 | 0.885 | −0.03 | – |
| Lateral ventricle | 116 | −0.72 (−1.44 to 0.01) | 0.37 | 108 | −1.95 | 0.054 | −0.38 | Age, ICV |
| Nucleus accumbens | 107 | −0.34 (−1.17 to 0.49) | 0.42 | 99 | −0.81 | 0.420 | −0.16 | Age |
| Pallidum | 103 | −0.15 (−0.98 to 0.68) | 0.42 | 95 | −0.35 | 0.728 | −0.07 | Sex |
| Putamen | 100 | 0.06 (−0.91 to 1.03) | 0.49 | 92 | 0.12 | 0.903 | 0.03 | Age |
| Thalamus | 92 | 0.28 (−0.51 to 1.06) | 0.39 | 84 | 0.71 | 0.482 | 0.15 | Age, ICV |
Results from linear mixed-effects models in individuals with chronic stroke of sensorimotor impairment (top) compared to activity limitations (bottom). Results in bold indicate significance with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (P < 0.004). The beta coefficient for sensorimotor impairment/activity limitations (beta) with 95% confidence interval (CI), along with the sample size (n), standard error (SE), degrees of freedom (df), standardized effect size (d), t-value, and uncorrected P-value are reported, in addition to significant fixed covariates, including age, sex and intracranial volume (ICV).