Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants of the ProMuscle in Practice Intervention
| Intervention Group (n = 82) | Control Group (n = 86) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 74.7 ± 5.8 | 75.9 ± 6.5 |
| Sex (n female, %) | 51 (62%) | 51 (59%) |
| Bodyweight (kg) | 76.3 ± 14.4 | 75.6 ± 13.6 |
| Height (cm) | 167.6 ± 9.0 | 169.2 ± 9.3 |
| Education level (n, %)a | ||
| Low and intermediate | 56 (68%) | 46 (54%) |
| High | 26 (32%) | 40 (47%) |
| Ethnicity: native Dutch (n, %) | 79 (96%) | 81 (94%) |
| Care use (n, %) | 11 (13%) | 16 (19%) |
| Frailty status (n, %) | ||
| Nonfrail | 41 (50%) | 39 (45%) |
| Prefrail and frail | 41 (50%) | 47 (55%) |
| Sarcopenia (n, %)b | ||
| Probable | 17 (21%) | 19 (22%) |
| Diagnosis | 3 (4%) | 7 (8%) |
| Severe | 2 (2%) | 4 (5%) |
| Osteoarthritis (n, %) | 38 (46%) | 42 (49%) |
| SPPB total score (0–12)c | 10.1 ± 1.4 | 10.1 ± 2.0 |
| Standing balance (points) | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.7 |
| 4-m gait speed (s) | 4.2 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 1.2 |
| Repeated chair rise (s) | 13.7 ± 3.4 | 13.1 ± 3.9 |
| Lean body mass (kg)d | 47.7 ± 9.1 | 48.0 ± 9.5 |
| Leg press strength (kg)e | 129.2 ± 41.1 | 122.8 ± 36.6 |
| Leg extension strength (kg)f | 66.8 ± 23.3 | 67.5 ± 22.9 |
| Knee extension strength (N)g | 309.9 ± 107.0 | 302.5 ± 96.1 |
Notes: SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
aEducation level: low: primary school or less; intermediate: secondary professional education or vocational school; and high: higher vocational education or university. Low and intermediate education level were combined due to low numbers in the low education category (n = 6). bN = 160. cN = 167. dN = 163; eN = 156. fN = 157. gN = 166.