Table 2.

Adjusted Mean Differences Per Study Outcome (mean Δ Int − Con) and Interaction Terms Treatment × Subgroup for Each Subgroup Separately

	SPPB (points)			Chair Rise (s)			Lean Body Mass (kg)
			Treatment × Subgroup			Treatment × Subgroup			Treatment × Subgroup
	N	Mean Δ Int − Con (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	N	Mean Δ Int − Con (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	N	Mean Δ Int – Con (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Total study population	152	0.5 (0.1, 1.0)*		148	−1.6 (−2.6, −0.7)*		150	0.5 (0.2, 0.9)*
Subgroup
Age
Age ≤ 75	84	0.7 (0.1, 1.3)*	−0.3 (−1.3, 0.6)	84	−2.0 (−3.2, −0.7)*	0.8 (−1.2, 2.7)	84	0.9 (0.5, 1.4)*	−0.8 (−1.5, −0.2)‡
Age > 75	68	0.3 (−0.4, 1.0)		64	−1.2 (−2.7, 0.3)		66	0.1 (−0.4, 0.6)
Sex
Men	63	0.3 (−0.4, 1.0)	0.4 (−0.6, 1.3)	62	−1.0 (−2.5, 0.5)	−1.1 (−3.0, 0.9)	65	0.8 (0.3, 1.3)*	−0.4 (−1.1, 0.3)
Women	89	0.7 (0.1, 1.3)*		86	−2.1 (−3.3, −0.8)*		85	0.4 (−0.1, 0.8)
Frailty state
Prefrail and frail	78	0.4 (−0.2, 1.1)	−0.1 (−1.1, 0.8)	74	−1.9 (−3.2, −0.5)*	−0.6 (−2.5, 1.4)	76	0.5 (0.1, 1.0)*	0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)
Nonfrail	74	0.6 (−0.1, 1.3)		74	−1.3 (−2.7, 0.1)		74	0.6 (0.1, 1.1)*
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia	33	0.1 (−0.9, 1.1)	−0.6 (−1.7, 0.6)	31	−0.8 (−2.9, 1.3)	1.1 (−1.2, 3.5)	32	0.3 (−0.5, 1.0)	−0.3 (−1.2, 0.5)
No sarcopenia	114	0.7 (0.1, 1.2)*		112	−1.9 (−3.0, −0.8)*		113	0.6 (0.2, 1.0)*
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis	72	0.7 (0.0, 1.4)	0.3 (−0.7, 1.2)	69	−1.8 (−3.3, −0.4)*	−0.3 (−2.3, 1.6)	69	0.5 (0.0, 1.0)	−0.1 (−0.8, 0.6)
No osteoarthritis	80	0.4 (−0.3, 1.0)		79	−1.5 (−2.8, −0.2)*		81	0.6 (0.1, 1.1)*
	Knee Extension Strength (Newton)			Leg Press Strength (kg)			Leg Extension Strength (kg)
	N	Mean Δ Int – Con (95% CI)	Treatment × Subgroup	N	Mean Δ Int − Con (95% CI)	Treatment × Subgroup	N	Mean Δ Int − Con (95% CI)	Treatment × Subgroup
			β (95% CI)			β (95% CI)			β (95% CI)
Total study population	142	36.2 (17.8, 54.7)*		136	16.0 (8.5, 23.6)*		138	11.3 (7.6, 14.9)*
Subgroup
Age
Age ≤ 75	78	41.0 (16.0, 66.0)*	−10.3 (−47.1, 26.4)	79	12.5 (2.6, 22.4)*	8.4 (−6.7, 23.6)	80	10.1 (5.3, 14.9)*	2.7 (−4.7, 10.1)
Age > 75	64	30.6 (3.4, 57.8)*		57	20.9 (9.4, 32.5)*		58	12.8 (7.2, 18.4)*
Sex
Men	61	22.1 (−6.0, 50.2)	24.3 (−12.3, 61.0)	61	7.4 (−3.8, 18.6)	15.5 (0.6, 30.3)‡	60	8.0 (2.4, 13.6)*	5.7 (−1.6, 13.1)
Women	81	46.5 (22.5, 70.5)*		75	22.8 (12.9, 32.8)*		78	13.7 (8.9, 18.5)*
Frailty state
Prefrail and frail	72	34.9 (9.1, 60.7)*	−3.2 (−40.8, 34.4)	72	19.5 (9.2, 29.9)*	7.7 (−7.7, 23.0)	72	13.8 (8.8, 18.8)*	4.8 (−2.6, 12.2)
Nonfrail	70	38.2 (11.0, 65.3)*		64	11.9 (0.6, 23.1)*		66	9.0 (3.6, 14.4)*
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia	30	23.5 (−16.9, 63.9)	−13.7 (−59.0, 31.6)	29	23.0 (6.9, 39.1)*	9.7 (−8.5, 27.8)	29	15.4 (7.7, 23.1)*	6.3 (−2.3, 15.0)
No sarcopenia	108	37.2 (15.8, 58.5)*		103	13.3 (4.7, 22.0)*		104	9.1 (5.0, 13.1)*
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis	67	45.1 (17.8, 72.4)*	16.1 (−21.1, 53.3)	60	16.7 (4.8, 28.5)*	1.1 (−14.6, 16.8)	63	10.3 (4.7, 15.9)*	−1.8 (−9.3, 5.8)
No osteoarthritis	75	29.0 (3.9, 54.2)*		76	15.6 (5.5, 25.7)*		75	12.0 (7.0, 17.0)*

Notes: Con = control group; Int = intervention group. Adjusted estimated mean differences between intervention and control group and 95% CIs are shown per subgroup; β-coefficients and 95% CIs are shown for the Treatment × Subgroup interaction. Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and municipality. Treatment: control group is reference. Subgroup: reference groups are, respectively, men, age ≤ 75, nonfrail, no sarcopenia, and no osteoarthritis.

*Significant effect between intervention and control group (p < .05). ^‡Significant interaction effect: Treatment × Subgroup (p < .05).