TABLE 1.

Effect of G. biloba extracts EGb 761 on cognitive functions.

Number of subjects	Age (average)	Dose/treatment time	The effect obtained	References
Healthy volunteers	19.9	Standardized extract G. biloba (GK501) 120, 240 and 320 mg single doses, once a day	Better cognitive performance	Scholey and Kennedy (2002)
Healthy volunteers - 20	21.2	Standardized extract G. biloba (GK501) 360 mg single dose	Improvement of cognitive abilities, self-esteem and mood	Kennedy et al. (2002)
Healthy volunteers - 20 (study 1) - 28 (study 2) - 30 (study 3)	19.9 (study 1) 20.4 (study 2) 21.68 (study 3)	Standardized extract G. biloba (GBE) 120 mg once daily	Increasing attention efficiency, improving “memory quality”. The effect was most pronounced at 1 and 4 h post-dose	Kennedy et al. (2007)
Healthy volunteers/students - 52	18–26	Standardized extract G. biloba (LI1370) 120 mg/day for 6 weeks	Increased performance in cognitive tasks related to memory and attention maintenance, as found in pattern recognition. The effect was visible 4 hours after dosing	Elsabagh et al. (2005)
Patients with dementia - 222	>55	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 24 weeks	Improvement of cognitive functions	Kanovski and Hoerr (2003)
Patients with mild to moderate dementia related to neuropsychiatric symptoms (AD or vascular dementia) - 410	>50	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 24 weeks	Improvement in cognition, psychopathology, functional measurements and quality of life	Herrschaft et al. (2012)
Patients with mild to moderate dementia AD, vascular dementia, or mixed character - 410	>50	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 24 weeks	Improvement of cognitive abilities, neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional capacity and general condition	Ihl et al. (2011)
Patients with mild to moderate dementia with neuropsychiatric features - 400	>50	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 22 weeks	Overall improvement of cognitive functions	Napryeyenko and Borzenko (2007)
Patient with AD	>50	EGb 761, 240 mg/day for at least 22 weeks	Overall improvement of cognitive functions	Napryeyenko et al. (2009)
Elderly people with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment - 3,069	72–96	G. biloba extract 120 mg twice a day	No significant change in cognitive function	Snitz et al. (2009)
People with very mild cognitive impairment - 300	45–65	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 12 weeks	Improvement of cognitive functions, concentration as well as memory tasks related to everyday life and quality of life	Grass-Kanapke et al. (2011)
Patients with mild to moderate dementia - 25	50–80	EGb 761 at 160 mg once daily for 24 weeks	There was no significant difference between EGb 761 and donepezil in the treatment of mild to moderate dementia	Mazza et al. (2006)
Patients with cognitive impairment and dementia	25–61	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 22–26 weeks	Stabilized or slowed decline in cognition function	Tan et al. (2015)
Patients with cognitive impairment and dementia - 60	50–65	EGb 761 at 240 mg once a day for 56 ± 4 days	Greater cognitive flexibility without altering brain activity in the elderly	Beck et al, (2016)
Patients with AD - 400	>50	EGb 761 at 240 mg once daily for 22 weeks	Less apathy and indifference, reduced anxiety, depression and irritability, and improved sleep	Scripnikov et al. (2007)
Healthy elderly or with mild cognitive impairment -3,069	>75	G. biloba extracts at 120 mg twice daily	EGb 761 was no better than placebo in reducing the rate of dementia progression in both elderly and AD patients	DeKosky et al. (2008)