Table 1.
Anatomical parcels by lobe according to the Destrieux Atlas (ID, see Figure 1), with associated functional regions and neural networks involved in empathy, (cognitive) control and reward processing
| ID | Anatomical parcel | Functional regions (networks) | Empathy | (Cognitive) control | Reward processing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontal lobe | |||||
| 1 | Frontomarginal gyrus and sulcus | VMPFC; OFC (DMN; ToM) | Moll et al. (2002); Lewis et al. (2011) | Koechlin and Hyafil (2007) | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 2 | Paracentral gyrus and sulcus | SMA | Fan et al. (2011) | – | – |
| 3 | Subcentral gyrus and sulcus | SMA | Adolphs et al. (2000); Molenberghs et al. (2012) | – | – |
| 4 | Transverse frontopolar gyri | VMPFC; OFC (CNN, DMN; ToM) | Shamay-Tsoory et al. (2009); Lewis et al. (2011) | Koechlin and Hyafil (2007); Boorman et al. (2009) | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 5 | Anterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus | ToM | Van Overwalle and Baetens (2009); Schurz et al. (2014) | Botvinick et al. (2001); Kerns et al. (2004) | Kennerley et al. (2006) |
| 6 | Mid anterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus | ToM | Lamm et al. (2011) | Shackman et al. (2011) | Kennerley et al. (2006) |
| 7 | Pars opercularis | IFG (ToM) | Schurz et al. (2014) | Derrfuss et al. (2005) | – |
| 8 | Pars orbitalis | IFG (ToM) | Schurz et al. (2014) | Derrfuss et al. (2005) | – |
| 9 | Pars triangularis | IFG (ToM) | Schurz et al. (2014) | Derrfuss et al. (2005) | – |
| 10 | Middle frontal gyrus | DLPFC (CCN) | – | Buchsbaum et al. (2005); Hare et al. (2009) | – |
| 11 | Superior frontal gyrus | SMA | Farrow et al. (2001); Fan et al. (2011) | Bonini et al. (2014) | – |
| 12 | Orbital gyri | OFC (CCN; ToM) | Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory (2011) | – | Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 13 | Precentral gyrus | M1 | – | – | – |
| 14 | Rectus gyrus | OFC (CCN; ToM) | Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory (2011) | – | Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 15 | Subcallosal gyrus | – | – | – | |
| 16 | Central sulcus | M1 and S1 (ToM) | – | – | – |
| 17 | Anterior circular sulcus | Lamm et al. (2011) | McKenna et al. (2017) | Liu et al. (2011) | |
| 18 | Inferior frontal sulcus | OFC (CCN; ToM) | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | Derrfuss et al. (2005); Pan et al. (2018) | Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 19 | Middle frontal sulcus | – | Buchsbaum et al. (2005); Hare et al. (2009) | – | |
| 20 | Superior frontal sulcus | SMA | Fan et al. (2011) | Bonini et al. (2014) | – |
| 21 | Lateral orbital sulcus | OFC; VMPFC (CNN, DMN, ToM) | Moll et al. (2002); Lewis et al. (2011) | – | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 22 | Olfactory sulcus | OFC (CCN, ToM) | Moll et al. (2002); Lewis et al. (2011) | – | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 23 | H-shaped sulcus | OFC (CCN, ToM) | Moll et al. (2002); Lewis et al. (2011) | – | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| 24 | Pericallosal sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 25 | Inferior precentral sulcus | SMA | Fan et al. (2011) | – | – |
| 26 | Superior precentral sulcus | SMA | Fan et al. (2011) | – | – |
| 27 | Suborbital sulcus | OFC (CCN, ToM) | Moll et al. (2002); Lewis et al. (2011) | – | Hare et al. (2009); Levy and Glimcher (2012) |
| Parietal lobe | |||||
| 28 | Mid posterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus | DMN | Schlaffke et al. (2015) | Kragel et al. (2018) | – |
| 29 | Dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus | DMN | Schlaffke et al. (2015) | Kragel et al. (2018) | – |
| 30 | Ventral posterior cingulate gyrus | DMN | Schlaffke et al. (2015) | Kragel et al. (2018) | – |
| 31 | Long insular gyri and central insular sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 32 | Short insular gyrus | Fan et al. (2011) | – | – | |
| 33 | Angular gyrus | TPJ (DMN, ToM) | Schurz et al. (2017) | Cabeza et al. (2012) | – |
| 34 | Supramarginal gyrus | TPJ (DMN, ToM) | Schurz et al. (2017) | Cabeza et al. (2012) | – |
| 35 | Superior parietal gyrus | – | McKenna et al. (2017) | – | |
| 36 | Postcentral gyrus | Fan et al. (2011) | – | – | |
| 37 | Precuneus | Schurz et al. (2014) | – | – | |
| 38 | Marginal sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 39 | Inferior circular sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 40 | Jensen sulcus | TPJ (DMN, ToM) | Schurz et al. (2017) | Cabeza et al. (2012) | – |
| 41 | Intraparietal sulcus | TPJ (DMN, ToM) | Schurz et al. (2017) | McKenna et al. (2017) | – |
| 42 | Parieto occipital sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 43 | Postcentral sulcus | S1 (ToM) | – | – | – |
| 44 | Subparietal sulcus | – | – | – | |
| Temporal lobe | |||||
| 45 | Anterior transverse temporal gyri | AC (DMN) | – | – | – |
| 46 | Lateral superior temporal gyrus | Zahn et al. (2007) | – | – | |
| 47 | Planum polare | AC | – | – | – |
| 48 | Planum temporale | AC | – | – | – |
| 49 | Inferior temporal gyrus | – | – | – | |
| 50 | Middle temporal gyrus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | – | – | |
| 51 | Horizontal lateral fissure | S2 | – | – | – |
| 52 | Vertical lateral fissure | S2 | – | – | – |
| 53 | Posterior lateral fissure | S2 | – | – | – |
| 54 | Temporal pole | DMN | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | McKenna et al. (2017) | – |
| 55 | Superior circular sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 56 | Anterior collateral sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 57 | Posterior collateral sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 58 | Lateral occipital-temporal sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 59 | Medial occipito-temporal and lingual sulci | – | – | – | |
| 60 | Inferior temporal sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 61 | Superior temporal sulcus | Molenberghs et al. (2016); Isik et al. (2017) | – | – | |
| 62 | Transverse temp. sulcus | AC | – | – | – |
| Occipital lobe | |||||
| 63 | Inferior occ. gyrus and sulcus | – | – | – | |
| 64 | Cuneus | V1 | – | – | – |
| 65 | Middle occipital gyrus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | – | – | |
| 66 | Superior occipital gyrus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | – | – | |
| 67 | Fusiform gyrus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | – | – | |
| 68 | Lingual gyrus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | Buchsbaum et al. (2005) | – | |
| 69 | Parahippocampal gyrus | – | – | – | |
| 70 | Occipital pole | – | – | – | |
| 71 | Calcarine sulcus | V1 | – | – | – |
| 72 | Lunatus sulcus | V1, V2 | – | – | – |
| 73 | Superior and transversal occipital sulci | – | – | – | |
| 74 | Anterior occipital sulcus | Carrington and Bailey (2009) | – | – | |
Notes: VMPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex; OFC = orbitofrontal cortex; IFG = inferior frontal gyrus; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; M1 = motor cortex (primary); S1 = somatosensory cortex (primary); S2 = somatosensory cortex (secondary); V1 = visual cortex (primary); V2 = visual cortex (secondary); AC = auditory cortex; TPJ = temporoparietal junction; CCN = cognitive control network; DMN = default mode network; SMA = supplementary motor area.