Table 4.

Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on the concentrations of cytokines and antioxidant capacity of calves in the serum¹ (Exp. 2)

Item2	Experimental treatments		P-value
	NC	H+G
IgA, µg/mL	78.32 ± 4.61	89.51 ± 3.62	0.073
IgG, µg/mL	1083.57 ± 46.06b	1245.86 ± 41.61a	0.018
IgM, µg/mL	69.33 ± 6.79	74.24 ± 7.50	0.295
IL-6, ng/L	8.64 ± 0.51	8.17 ± 0.62	0.569
TNF-α, ng/L	211.22 ± 8.34a	186.46 ± 8.10b	0.047
GSH-Px, U/L	128.65 ± 7.00b	167.48 ± 9.15a	0.003
T-SOD, pg/mL	59.64 ± 7.76	66.52 ± 4.70	0.458
T-AOC, U/mL	6.58 ± 0.27b	7.94 ± 0.33a	0.005
MDA, mmol/mL	3.08 ± 0.43a	2.29 ± 0.51b	0.002

^a,bMeans within a row with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05).

¹Data are the mean of 10 replicates of 1 calf per treatment.

²Ig, immunoglobulin; IL-6, interleukin6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; T-SOD, total superoxide dismutase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; MDA, malondialdehyde. NC, negative control (basal diet); H+G, basal diet+5% HNa and 1% Gln.

Data were shown as means ± SEM (n = 10).