Table 2.
Outcome Measurement Instruments and Relevance for Core Outcome Items
| Outcome measurement instrument | No. of items in OMI | No. of OMI items relevant to COS | % of items in COS covered | No. of items in the instrument relevant to COS items | % of items in OMI relevant to COS items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engagement and Independence in Dementia Questionnaire | 26 | 7 | 53.85 | 19 | 73.08 |
| Nottingham Health Profile | 45 | 7 | 53.85 | 8 | 17.78 |
| Adult Social Care Outcome Toolkit | 8 | 6 | 46.15 | 5 | 62.50 |
| Older Americans’ Resources and Services Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 14 | 5 | 38.46 | 10 | 71.43 |
| World Health Organisation Quality of Life 100 | 100 | 5 | 38.46 | 6 | 6.00 |
| Lille Apathy Rating Scale | 31 | 4 | 30.77 | 15 | 48.39 |
| Bath Assessment of Subjective Quality of Life in Dementia | 17 | 4 | 30.77 | 5 | 29.41 |
| Health Status Questionnaire-12 | 12 | 4 | 30.77 | 3 | 25.00 |
| Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale | 42 | 4 | 30.77 | 6 | 14.29 |
| Sickness Impact Profile | 136 | 4 | 30.77 | 10 | 7.35 |
| World Health Organisation-5 | 5 | 3 | 23.08 | 2 | 40.00 |
| The Quality of Life Scale | 16 | 3 | 23.08 | 4 | 25.00 |
| Older People’s Quality of Life Brief Version | 14 | 3 | 23.08 | 3 | 21.43 |
| Long Term Conditions Questionnaire | 20 | 3 | 23.08 | 4 | 20.00 |
| Older People’s Quality of Life | 36 | 3 | 23.08 | 3 | 8.33 |
| Apathy Evaluation Scale—S | 18 | 2 | 15.38 | 8 | 44.44 |
| The ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people | 5 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 40.00 |
| Short Form Health Survey-12 | 9 | 2 | 15.38 | 3 | 33.33 |
| Personal Wellbeing Index | 7 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 28.57 |
| 15D | 15 | 2 | 15.38 | 3 | 20.00 |
| Dementia Quality of Life | 5 | 2 | 15.38 | 1 | 20.00 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale Short | 15 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 13.33 |
| Frontal Systems Behavior Scale | 46 | 2 | 15.38 | 5 | 10.87 |
| Control, Autonomy, Self-Realisation and Pleasure Scale-19 | 19 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 10.53 |
| Self Management Ability Scale | 30 | 2 | 15.38 | 3 | 10.00 |
| DEMQoL | 29 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 | 6.90 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale-30 | 29 | 2 | 15.38 | 1 | 3.45 |
| Apathy Inventory—Patient | 3 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 33.33 |
| Lubben Social Network Scale | 12 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 25.00 |
| Starkstein Apathy Scale | 14 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 21.43 |
| Lawton Physical Self-Maintenance Scale | 14 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 21.43 |
| The Dementia Quality of Life Instrument | 5 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 20.00 |
| Dementia Quality of Life Instrument—Revised | 6 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 16.67 |
| EQ-5D | 6 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 16.67 |
| Relationship Satisfaction Scale | 7 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 14.29 |
| Short Form Health Survey-36 | 36 | 1 | 7.69 | 5 | 13.89 |
| The Cornell–Brown Scale for Quality of Life in Dementia | 8 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 12.50 |
| Duke Health Profile | 17 | 1 | 7.69 | 2 | 11.76 |
| General Self Efficacy Scale | 10 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 10.00 |
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory | 12 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 8.33 |
| Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease | 12 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 8.33 |
| The Herth Hope Index | 12 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 8.33 |
| Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale | 17 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 5.88 |
| Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia | 19 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 5.26 |
| Self-Esteem Scale | 23 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 4.35 |
| General Health Questionnaire-28 | 28 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 3.57 |
| The Life Satisfaction Scale | 31 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 3.23 |
| Dyadic Adjustment Scale | 31 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 3.23 |
| State-Trait Anxiety inventory | 40 | 1 | 7.69 | 1 | 2.50 |
| Autobiographical Memory Interview | 21 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | 21 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease | 25 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Brief Assessment of Prospective Memory—Short Form | 16 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory | 29 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| COOP/WONCA Charts | 6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Duke AD | 7 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Geriatric Anxiety Inventory | 20 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| General Health Questionnaire-12 | 12 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Index for Managing Memory Loss | 44 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Interpersonal Reactivity Index | 28 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire | 23 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale | 22 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Penn State Worry Questionnaire | 16 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Perceived Stress Scale | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Physical Activity Scale For The Elderly | 12 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Physical Self-Maintenance Scale | 6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | 11 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Positive Psychology Outcome Measure | 16 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Short Form Health Survey-8 | 8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Short Falls Efficacy Scale [85] | 7 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| The Brief Resilience Scale | 6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| The Spirituality Index of Well-Being | 12 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Yale Physical Activity Survey | 36 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
Note: OMI = outcome measurement instrument; COS = core outcome set; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; COOP/WONCA = Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Research Network/World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians; DEMQoL - Dementia Quality of Life Questionnaire; EQ-5D = EuroQol Five Dimension.