Figure 6.

(A) Schematic of nanoplasmonic assay for probing by eye protein contaminants (single and aggregated exogenous proteins, SAP) in EV preparations. Reprinted with permission from Maiolo D, Paolini L, Di Noto G, et al. Colorimetric nanoplasmonic assay to determine purity and titrate extracellular vesicles. Anal Chem. 2015;87:4168–4176. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.¹²⁰ (B) Schematic of the aptamer/AuNP complex for molecular profiling of exosomal proteins. (a) Schematic of the displacement of aptamers from gold nanoparticles by binding with exosome surface protein and the concomitant aggregation of gold nanoparticles. (b) Profiling of different exosome surface proteins with the aptamer/AuNP complex. Reprinted with permission from Jiang Y, Shi M, Liu Y, et al. Aptamer/AuNP biosensor for colorimetric profiling of exosomal proteins. Angew Chem. 2017;129:12078–12082. Copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH.¹²¹ (C) Schematic of the PLA-RPA-TMA assay. Reprinted with permission from Liu W, Li J, Wu Y, et al. Target-induced proximity ligation triggers recombinase polymerase amplification and transcription-mediated amplification to detect tumor-derived exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with high sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron. 2018;102:204–210. Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V.¹²²