Table 1.
Sample characteristics according to sociodemographic aspects, contacts, and spaces among cases of SARS-CoV-2 and controls from the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region in September and October 2020.
| No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | |
| (n = 1,088) | (n = 787) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 637 (58.5) | 490 (62.3) |
| Male | 450 (41.4) | 297 (37.7) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Age, years | ||
| Mean (SD) | 44.3 (15.7) | 52.9 (16.0) |
| Median [min-max] | 43.0 [18.0–94.0] | 52.0 [18.0–99.0] |
| Education level | ||
| ≤ 4 years | 145 (13.3) | 96 (12.2) |
| 6 years | 94 (8.6) | 29 (3.7) |
| 9 years | 169 (15.5) | 93 (11.8) |
| 12 years | 363 (33.4) | 193 (24.5) |
| Tertiary | 316 (29.0) | 375 (47.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) |
| Citizenship | ||
| Portuguese | 943 (86.7) | 760 (96.6) |
| Non-portuguese | 129 (11.9) | 19 (2.4) |
| Missing | 16 (1.5) | 8 (1.0) |
| Contact with known case | ||
| No | 623 (57.3) | 763 (97.0) |
| Yes | 465 (42.7) | 23 (2.9) |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
| No. of people per room (area ≥4 m2) | ||
| <1 | 775 (71.2) | 662 (84.1) |
| ≥1 | 311 (28.6) | 119 (15.1) |
| Missing | 2 (0.2) | 6 (0.8) |
| Occupation/professional situation | ||
| Construction | 36 (3.3) | 7 (0.9) |
| Cleaning | 43 (4.0) | 13 (1.7) |
| Education | 44 (4.0) | 34 (4.3) |
| Healthcare | 86 (7.9) | 31 (3.9) |
| Industry | 22 (2.0) | 7 (0.9) |
| Restaurant industry | 39 (3.6) | 12 (1.5) |
| Senior care | 33 (3.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Other occupation | 458 (42.1) | 393 (49.9) |
| Student | 57 (5.2) | 23 (2.9) |
| Retired | 117 (10.8) | 198 (25.2) |
| Unemployed | 99 (9.1) | 45 (5.7) |
| Another professional situation | 47 (4.3) | 21 (2.7) |
| Missing | 7 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) |
| Remote working* | ||
| Unemployed | 99 (9.1) | 46 (5.8) |
| No | 693 (63.7) | 338 (42.9) |
| Yes | 73 (6.7) | 159 (20.2) |
| Missing | 223 (20.5) | 244 (31.0) |
| Used public transportation | ||
| No | 854 (78.5) | 661 (84.0) |
| At least once | 231 (21.2) | 125 (15.9) |
| Missing | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) |
| Went to restaurants and other dining spaces | ||
| No | 571 (52.5) | 327 (41.6) |
| At least once | 513 (47.2) | 455 (57.8) |
| Missing | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.6) |
| Went to grocery stores | ||
| No | 326 (30.0) | 127 (16.1) |
| At least once | 755 (69.4) | 659 (83.7) |
| Missing | 7 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) |
| Went to shopping malls/shops | ||
| No | 825 (75.8) | 503 (63.9) |
| At least once | 258 (23.7) | 283 (36.0) |
| Missing | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| Went to hair salons/aesthetic centers | ||
| No | 927 (85.2) | 589 (74.8) |
| At least once | 156 (14.3) | 197 (25.0) |
| Missing | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| Went to gyms/sports studios | ||
| No | 1003 (92.2) | 723 (91.9) |
| At least once | 81 (7.5) | 61 (7.7) |
| Missing | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) |
| Face masks in public spaces or workplace | ||
| Always or almost always | 1041 (95.7) | 757 (96.2) |
| Sometimes | 30 (2.8) | 19 (2.4) |
| Never or almost never | 14 (1.3) | 7 (0.9) |
| Missing | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) |
| Face shields in public spaces | ||
| Always or almost always | 33 (3.0) | 11 (1.4) |
| Sometimes | 23 (2.1) | 13 (1.7) |
| Never or almost never | 1029 (94.6) | 759 (96.4) |
| Missing | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) |
| Gloves | ||
| Always or almost always | 79 (7.3) | 30 (3.8) |
| Sometimes | 102 (9.4) | 47 (6.0) |
| Never or almost never | 904 (83.1) | 706 (89.7) |
| Missing | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) |
| Hands' hygiene (times/day) | ||
| ≥6 times | 887 (81.5) | 647 (82.2) |
| 3–5 times | 176 (16.2) | 125 (15.9) |
| <3 times | 21 (1.9) | 11 (1.4) |
| Missing | 4 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) |
*
Restricted to those employed and unemployed, remaining observations deemed as missing values.