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. 2021 Nov 17;12:6634. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26836-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — (Top) Map of stations within subregions and bloom phases used in this analysis. Only stations with in situ values of all of the biomarkers in the heatmap below were included, except for accumulation rates, which were calculated from on-deck incubations. Stations with more than one sampling date were consolidated into a single latitude and longitude for the purpose of this map. Stations are shaped and colored by bloom phase:W. Tran = Winter Transition, Acc. = Accumulation, Climax, Decl. = Decline. (Bottom) Heatmap of normalized values of biomarkers throughout the bloom. The median value at each station, within the mixed layer was normalized to the highest and lowest median values throughout the bloom. Dendrogram clustering was done with the average method, using a correlation distance matrix of normalized values. Bootstrap values (n = 1000) are pvclust’s AU p value—higher is more significant. Rows and columns were ordered using Dendrogram cluster order. Phytoplankton acc. day⁻¹ = cell concentration-based accumulation rate (day⁻¹); Phyto. cells L⁻¹ = phytoplankton concentration (cells L⁻¹); ROS = Reactive oxygen species (log₁₀ fold change from unstained); TEP cell⁻¹ = transparent exopolymer particle concentration (µg XG eq. L⁻¹) normalized to phytoplankton and bacteria concentrations; Ox.PC PC⁻¹ = oxidized phosphatidylcholine normalized to total phosphatidylcholine; PO₄ = phosphate concentration (µM); NO₃ + NO₂ = nitrate plus nitrite concentration (µM); Metacaspase activity = µmol metacaspase substrate cleaved h⁻¹ µg protein⁻¹; DOC_SA = seasonally accumulated dissolved organic carbon (µM change from minimum value per bloom phase); TAG ChlA⁻¹ = triacylglycerol (µM) normalized to Chlorophyll A peak area/L; Phyto. biovol. L⁻¹ = phytoplankton biovolume (µL L⁻¹); Comp. membranes = % of population with compromised membranes; Caspase activity = µmol caspase substrate cleaved h⁻¹ µg protein⁻¹; Stratification = measured water column buoyancy frequency (s⁻¹); Virus cell⁻¹ = virus concentrations normalized to phytoplankton and bacteria concentrations.