TABLE 2.
Clinical studies on the efficacy of CHM in the CKD.
| Chinese herbal name | Disease | N | Therapeutic arms | Primary outcome | Study period | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abelmoschus Manihot (Huangkui capsule) | IgAN (24hUTP 0.5–3.0 g/d, eGFR≥ 45 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 1,470 | Huangkui capsule/placebo vs. losartan placebo | 24 h UTP (mg/d) | 48 weeks | Li, et al. (2020a) |
| DN | 5,895 | Huangkui capsule + RAS blocker vs. RAS blocker | 24 hUTP (g/d); UAER (mug/min); SCr(umol/L) | Meta-Analysis | Shi, et al. (2019) | |
| CKD1-2, primary glomerular disease (biopsy), moderate proteinuria | 417 | Huangkui capsule vs. losartan vs. Huangkui capsule + losartan | 24 hUTP (mg/d) | 24 weeks | Zhang, et al. (2014) | |
| Tanshinone | CKD | 1,857 | Tanshinone vs. control | 24 hUTP (g/d); eGFR | Meta-Analysis | Zhou, et al. (2020) |
| Tanshinone IIA | hypertensive nephropathy | 1,696 | Tanshinone IIA/ARBs vs. ARBs | eGFR | Meta-Analysis | Xu, et al. (2019) |
| Berberine | hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | 69 | control vs. berberine add-on | UACR (µg/mg) | 2 years | Dai, et al. (2015) |
| Tripterygium Glycosides | DN | 1,810 | tripterygium glycosides + ARBs vs. ARBs | 24 hUTP (g/d); UAER (mg/min); SCr | Meta-Analysis | Wu, et al. (2020a) |
| Tripterygium Wilfordii | DKD (stage IV) | 1,414 | Tripterygium Wilfordii +(ARB/ACEI) vs. (ARB/ACEI) | 24 hUTP (g/d); Alb(g/l); TER | Meta-Analysis | Ren, et al. (2019) |
| Tripterygium Preparations | CKD | 4,386 | Tripterygium preparations vs. placebo, standard care, or other immunosuppressive treatment | UPE; SCr(mg/dL); CR; PR; relapse | Meta-Analysis | Zhu, et al. (2013) |
| Tripterygium glycosides | DN | 70 | Tripterygium glycosides + ARBs vs. ARBs | 24 h UTP | 48 weeks | Lengnan, et al. (2020) |
| Puerarin | DN(Stage III) | 669 | Puerarin + ACEI vs. ACEI | UACR (mug/min) | Meta-Analysis | Wang, et al. (2015a) |
24 h UTP: 24 h urinary total protein; Alb: serum albumin; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CR: complete remission; DN: diabetic nephropathy; DKD: diabetic kidney disease; eGFR: estimated glomerularfiltrationrate; IgAN: IgA nephropathy; PR partial remission; RAS: renin angiotensin system; SCr: serum creatinine; TER: total effective rate; UACR: Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio; UAER: urinary albumin excretion rate; Tripterygium Preparations: Tripterygium glycoside tablets, Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch tablets, and Tripterygium granules or extracts.