Fig. 3. Behavior-related responses of simultaneously imaged neurons in primary somatosensory and motor cortex.

a Schematic of Quadroscope imaging during a whisker-based texture discrimination task. Calcium imaging is performed across S1 and M1 while whisker movement is monitored using high speed videography. b Single trial measurement of whisker angle decomposed into the amplitude, phase, and variations in the midpoint of the whisking cycle. Raw and deconvolved calcium signals of an example S1 and M1 neuron are shown aligned to phases in the whisking cycle. c Estimated spikes across behavioral trials along with average estimated firing rate across the trial period are shown for example S1 and M1 neurons. Whisking amplitude across trials is also shown (right). d Estimated spikes binned according to whisking amplitude. M1 neuron exhibits preferred spiking to whisking amplitude. e Estimated spikes binned according to whisking phase.S1 neuron exhibits preferred spiking to protraction phase of the whisk cycle (*P < 0.05, Rayleigh test).