Table 2.

Longitudinal Associations between Baseline Psychological Symptoms and Changes in Cognitive Performance (N = 1,401)

	Coefficient (standard error [SE])
	Global cognition	Episodic memory	Attention	Language	Executive function
(A+/D−)	0.059 (0.072)	0.009 (0.029)	0.022 (0.028)	0.008 (0.016)	0.018 (0.029)
(Time)	−0.029 (0.005)**	0.011 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.001)**	−0.020 (0.002)**
(A+/D−) × (Time)	−0.010 (0.021)	−0.007 (0.009)	−0.004 (0.008)	−0.002 (0.005)	0.004 (0.009)
(A−/D+)	−0.025 (0.052)	−0.010 (0.021)	0.033 (0.020)	0.002 (0.012)	−0.047 (0.021) *
(Time)	−0.029 (0.005)**	0.011 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.001)**	−0.020 (0.002)**
(A−/D+) × (Time)	−0.020 (0.015)	−0.013 (0.006) *	−0.011 (0.006)	−0.001 (0.003)	0.003 (0.006)
(A+/D+)	−0.044 (0.067)	−0.021 (0.027)	−0.059 (0.026) *	0.010 (0.015)	0.026 (0.027)
(Time)	−0.029 (0.005)**	0.011 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.002)**	−0.007 (0.001)**	−0.020 (0.002)**
(A+/D+) × (Time)	0.003 (0.019)	−0.015 (0.008)	0.008 (0.007)	0.002 (0.004)	0.007 (0.008)

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01

Abbreviations: A−/D−, neither anxiety nor depressive symptoms; A+/D−, anxiety symptoms only; A−/D+, depressive symptoms only; A+/D+, both anxiety and depressive symptoms

Psychological symptoms refer to the presence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms at baseline.

Reference is participants without anxiety and depressive symptoms (A−/D−).

Coefficient on the psychological status estimates baseline difference in outcome between a group indicator and reference. Coefficient on time estimates average changes in outcome over a year in reference. Coefficient on the psychological status × time estimates average differences in changes over a year in a group indicator compared to reference.

Covariates include baseline demographic information, medical history, and indicators for Alzheimer’s Disease Centers.