Table 1.

Recent in vivo neural tissue engineering studies using fibrin hydrogels.

Material	Supplement	Modulus [kPa] b)	Animal model	Significant finding(s)
Fibrin	Fibronectin	-	Rat SCI	Fibronectin supplement better supports axon ingrowth compared to fibrin or fibronectin hydrogels alone[89]
Fibrin a)	chABC	-	Rat SCI	Fibrin prolongs chABC release which reduces glycosaminoglycan content compared to chABC injections[96]
Fibrin	-	-	Rat SCI	MSC-loaded hydrogel improved neurite extension and functional recovery[88]
Fibrin	chABC-loaded lipid microtubes and NEP1–40 loaded PLGA microspheres	-	Rat SCI	Drug-loaded composite improved axon growth, reduced astrocyte scarring, and reduced the presence of CSPGs around the injury site.
Fibrin a)	Laminin, VEGF, and NGF	-	Rat cortical implant Rat hemi-Parkinson	Protein-immobilized hydrogels recruit endogenous neuronal cells and enhance neurite ingrowth Protein-immobilized hydrogels correct parkinsonian behavior[95]
AFG	-	1.6	Rat SCI	AFGs promote neuronal cell migration and guide axonal invasion[84]
AFG	-	1.6	Rat PNI	AFGs advance injury gap bridging and improve functional recovery[86]
Fibrin a)	T1, HYD1, or A5G81 synthetic ligands	0.25 – 0.32	Rat SCI	HYD1-immobilization boosts growth cone formation and functional recovery [90]
Fibrin	Tacrolimus-loaded PLGA microparticles	-	Rat PNI	Slowed drug release from microparticles improves neurogenesis[99]
AFG	-	1.6	Rat SCI	MSC-loaded AFGs produce nerve bundles that cross the injury site and improve functional recovery[85]

^a)inclusion of aprotinin, an enzyme inhibitor that reduces fibrin degradation

^b)storage (elastic) modulus.