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. 2021 Nov 17;11:22434. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01790-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Developing embryonic day 14.5 mouse kidney cell types. (a) Schematic illustration of nephron induction and patterning. In response to signals from the ureteric bud, the metanephric mesenchyme condenses and forms a cap of nephron progenitors (= cap mesenchyme) around the ureteric bud tips. Next, a sub-population of nephron progenitors undergoes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition to form pre-tubular aggregates (PTA), which develop sequentially into renal vesicles (RV), comma-shaped body (CSB) and S-shaped body (SSB). Endothelial cells are attracted into the cleft of the SSB. Color-coded map indicates the cell fate relationship of progenitor regions in SSB structure (upper right) and adult nephron structure (lower left). Schematic of a lateral view of the metanephric kidney depicting the cortical and medullary stroma (lower right). (b) tSNE plot showing the eleven cell clusters in the embryonic mouse kidney, with cell clusters corresponding to major components indicated by color. (c) Violin plots of gene expression for known lineage-associated genes (columns), stratified by cluster (rows). Our data clearly identifies cells from the major structural components of the developing kidney.