Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized Due to Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) Stratified by the Presence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE)
| Characteristic | All Cohort n = 310 | MACE n = 71 | No MACE n = 239 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (45, 73) | 70 (60, 79) | 58 (43, 69) | |
| Female, n (%) | 141 (45) | 26 (37) | 115 (48) | .09 |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
| Smoking | 89 (29) | 24 (33) | 65 (27) | .28 |
| Alcoholism | 37 (12) | 13 (18) | 24 (10) | .06 |
| COPD | 44 (14) | 15 (21) | 29 (12 | .05 |
| Diabetes | 50 (16) | 13 (18) | 37 (15) | .56 |
| Hypertension | 131 (42) | 44 (61) | 87 (36) | <.01 |
| Heart failure | 40 (13) | 22 (31) | 18 (7) | <.01 |
| Chronic renal disease | 36 (12) | 10 (14) | 26 (11) | .45 |
| Liver disease | 17 (5) | 6 (8) | 11 (15) | .21 |
| Obesity | 16 (5) | 7 (10) | 9 (4) | .04 |
| HIV | 17 (5) | 2 (3) | 15 (6) | .26 |
| Coronary heart disease | 26 (8) | 11 (15) | 15 (6) | .01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27 (8) | 10 (14) | 17 (7) | .06 |
| Previous hospitalization | 47 (15) | 21 (29) | 26 (11) | <.01 |
| Previous antibiotic therapy | 41 (13) | 15 (21) | 26 (11) | .02 |
| Auricular fibrillation | 20 (6) | 11 (15) | 9 (4) | <.01 |
| Auto immune disease | 38 (14) | 8 (11) | 30 (12) | .7 |
| Cancer | 37 (12) | 8 (11) | 29 (12) | .8 |
| Epilepsy | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 4 (2) | .8 |
| Chronic medications, n (%) | ||||
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 131 (42) | 44 (61) | 87 (36) | <.01 |
| Use of anti-diabetic drugs | 24 (8) | 8(11) | 16 (7) | .29 |
| Insulin | 17 (5) | 3 (4) | 14 (6) | .59 |
| Opioids | 6 (2) | 2 (3) | 4 (2) | .53 |
| PPIs | 62 (20) | 20 (28) | 42 (17) | .05 |
| Use of inhalators | 25 (8) | 10 (14) | 15 (6) | .03 |
| Anticoagulation | 11 (4) | 6 (8) | 5 (2) | .01 |
| Statins | 44 (14) | 15 (21) | 29 (12) | .05 |
| NSAID | 16 (5) | 5 (7) | 11 (5) | .41 |
| Corticosteroids | 32 (10) | 9 (13) | 23 (10) | .45 |
| Anti-convulsant drugs | 6 (2) | 2 (3) | 4 (2) | .53 |
| Vaccination | ||||
| Vaccine PSP23 | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | .44 |
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (2) | .27 |
| Influenza vaccine | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (2) | .27 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; PBI, protons bomb inhibitor.