Table 1.

Risk-of-bias assessment for RCTs using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool

Reference, year	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other sources of bias
Abdalla et al.19 2017*	○	●	●	● QoL	○	●
Olavarria et al.20 2020	○	○	● Surgeon not blinded; patient and rest of research team blinded	○	○	○	● Study supported by investigator-initiated grant from Intuitive
Petro et al.21 2021	○	○	● Single-blinded	● Not stated whether outcome assessor was blinded; patient-recorded outcomes concealed	○	○	● Study funded by grant from Intuitive; 6 authors (including 1st author) received grants from Intuitive

^*Conference abstract. ○, Low risk of bias; ● high risk of bias; QoL, quality of life.