Table 7.

Short-term postoperative outcomes of robotic versus open surgery

Reference	Short-term postoperative outcomes
	Duration of hospital stay (days)*			Surgical-site infection (%)§			Total complications (%)§
	Robotic	Open	P	Robotic	Open	P	Robotic	Open	P
Studies with propensity matching
Carbonell et al.25	2 (1–3)†	3 (2–5)†	< 0.001	2	4	0.5	29.7	43.2	–#
Martin-del-Campo et al.32	1.3(1.3)	6(3.4)	< 0.001	0	6.6	0.106#	0	17.1	0.007
Song et al.36¶	3.0(2.4)	5.3(5.2)	0.003	0	2.1	0.50	17.7	39.6	0.001
Studies without propensity matching
Armijo et al.13	2 (1–4)†	5 (3–8)†	< 0.050	1.7 (0.8, 3.4)	2.8 (2.7, 3.0)	n.s.#	7.3 (5.1, 10.0)	11.4 (11.1, 11.75)	< 0.050
Bittner et al.24	3.8(1.5)	7.1(5.4)	< 0.010	3.8	2.6	1.00	19.2	30.2	0.32
Dauser et al.27	4.5 (2–10)‡	12.5 (6–25)‡	< 0.001	0	20.0	–**	12.5	50.0	–#
Guzman-Pruneda et al.12	1.5 (1–2.8)†	5 (4–6)†	< 0.010	0	1.5	1	9.5	15.5	–**
Nguyen et al.34¶	3.0	9.6	< 0.001	3.7	12.5	–**	–	–	–
Reeves et al.35	3.6(2.1)	6.9(3.6)	0.007	–	–	–	15.4	23.1	0.619

^*Values are mean(s.d.) unless indicated otherwise; values are †median (i.q.r.) and

^‡ median (range);

^§values in parentheses are 95 per cent confidence intervals.

^¶ Conference abstract. n.s., Not significant.

^#Outcome significant when risk difference calculated;

^**outcome not significant when risk difference calculated.