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. 2020 Sep 16;113(4):381–389. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djaa141

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Figure 1. — Dose-response relationship between duration of type 2 diabetes and risk of cancer incidence. Data were combined from 2 cohorts. Spline regression adjusted for age (month), ethnicity (White, African American, Asian, others), smoking status (never smoked; past smoker; currently smoke 1-14 cigarettes per day, 15-24 cigarettes per day, or ≥25 cigarettes per day), alcohol intake (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-9.9, 10.0-14.9, 15.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 g/d), multivitamin use (yes, no), physical activity (quintiles), total energy (quintiles), alternative healthy eating index (quintiles), family history of diabetes (yes, no), family history of cancer (yes, no), endoscopy screening (yes, no), and fasting glucose screening (yes, no). For women, insulin use (yes, no), oral hypoglycemic drug use (yes, no), mammography screening (yes, no), postmenopausal hormone use (never, former, or current hormone use, or missing), and oral contraceptive use (yes, no) were further adjusted. P value for nonlinearity <.001 for panels A, B, and C. A) Total cancer incidence; (B) obesity-related cancer incidence; (C) diabetes-related cancer incidence.