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. 2021 Apr 3;61(1):316–336. doi: 10.1093/icb/icab019

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Plasticity effects of dopamine onto sensory/motor pallial/cortical regions. Highly complex phenomena such as motor, visual, and auditory learning depend on midbrain dopamine signaling directly onto motor/sensory pallial/cortical structures. The color pattern in panels, arrows, and brain structures indicate the specificity of the dopamine projections and their effects. The brain represents a non-specific vertebrate brain.