Table 3.

Grief screening tools

Author/year	Scale	No. Items	Clinical or research	Sensitivity / specificity
H G Prigerson et al.,1995	Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised (ICG-Revised) [18]	19	The scale was validated in many heterogeneous samples and applied across a variety of characteristics. Seen in research more than clinical.	Specificity and sensitivity differ depending on cutoff, however both are 80% [19]
Horowitz et al., 1997, p. 904	Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID – NP) complicated grief module for DSM-III-R-NP	30	This interview was tested in a homogeneous sample of spouses and further validated with one heterogeneous sample.	Sensitivity for this algorithm was 0.60 and specificity 0.99 [19]
Prigerson and Jacobs, 2001	Inventory of Traumatic Grief (ITG, later called Inventory of Complicated Grief – Revised ICG-R) and Traumatic Grief Evaluation of Response to Loss (TRGR2L)	30	included a variety of kinship and characteristics of the loss	sensitivity: 0.86, specificity: 0.76 [19]
Shear, et al., 2006	Brief Grief Questionnaire (BGQ)	5	originally developed to screen for CG for survivors of 9/11	No sensitivity nor specificity data exist [19]
Guerin et al., 2009	Complicated Grief Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disabilities (CGQ-ID)	15	Observer-based assessment tool. Tested in bereaved people with ID who lost a parent	No sensitivity nor specificity data exist [19]
Prigerson et al., 2009	Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13)	13	Tested in a homogeneous sample of bereaved spouses, later in heterogeneous samples (overall five studies).	a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.99 [19]
Lee, 2015, p. 399	Persistent Complex Bereavement Inventory (PCBI)	16	A self-report scale containing 16 items and is used in research of PCBD	Information on a cut-off value or a diagnostic algorithm is not provided [19]
Rubin and Bar-Nadav, 2016, p. 88	Two-Track Bereavement Questionnaire for Complicated Grief (TTBQ-CG31)	31	A self-report tool validated in only one study including a heterogeneous sample.	No sensitivity and specificity data are reported.
Newsom et al., 2016	Indicator of Bereavement Adaption – Cruse Scotland (IBACS)	(1) a semi-structured interview d (2) a 12-item self-report scale	Research tool	sensitivity of 0.68 and specificity of 0.85, using a cutoff value of >32. [19]
Boelen and Smid, 2017	Traumatic Grief Inventory Self-Report Version (TGI-SR)	18	A self-report tool developed for the assessment of symptoms of PGD and PCBD in both clinical and research settings	The authors recommend “using a score of ≥54 as indicative of clinically significant PCBD and PGD”. The cut-off was not validated with an external criterion [19]
Holland, et al., 2017	Bereavement Risk Inventory and Screening Questionnaire (BRISQ) [20]	34 (with possible changes pending, depending on the next phases of research)	Being developed in three phases	Intended to be a Screening tool